Aim: How can we describe major events in Earth’s history? Do Now: How did Early Earth’s atmosphere differ from modern Earth? Could early Earth support modern humans? Why or why not? Early Earth: (numbers based on Saturn’s moon Titan) Modern Earth 98.4% nitrogen78.09% nitrogen 1.4% methane20.95% oxygen 0.1–0.2% hydrogen0.93% argon 0.039% carbon dioxide water vapor, on average around 1% at sea level

4.6 Billion Years Ago

2.6 billion to 400 Million Years ago

400 million to 290 million years ago

290 million years ago to now

Earth’s History condensed into a single year… ● Age of Earth in Measurements we can understand Age of Earth in Measurements we can understand

Choose one of the following time periods to report on ● PreCambrian Time ● Paleozoic ● Mesozoic ● Cenozoic

Activity: Using pages (or p ) answer the following: 1. What are the dates of your time period? 2. What marks the beginning and end of your time period? 3. What are the major geologic events of your time period? 4. What are the major biologic events of your time period?

● Law of Superposition ● Law of Original Horizontality ● Law of Uniformity Geologic History Laws

● Law of Superposition: ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ __________

● Law of Original Horizontality ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ __________

● Law of Uniformitarianism ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ __________

Do Now: ● Create two LEVEL TWO questions based on page 8 and 9 of the ESRT. ● Answer your questions. Aim: How can we apply the rules of geologic history to sequence events?

Match the definitions to the laws that are pictured on the sheet. Geo History Laws Activity

● ESRT ESRT

● Law of Superposition ● Law of Original Horizontality ● Law of Uniformity ● REVIEW Geologic History Laws

● Law of Superposition: ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ __________

● Law of Original Horizontality ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ __________

● Law of Uniformity____________________________________ ____________________________________________ __________________

Easy Right?

● There are events that can occur that move rock and make it difficult to determine the age and history Unique Features

Folding

● Which layer is the youngest? Intrusion

Fault ● What caused the layers to shift?

Fault

● Which rock layer is the oldest? Tilting

● Blank sheet of paper ● Reference Table ● 1 Minute per question Entry Quiz Aim: How can we apply the rules of geologic history to sequence events?

● What letter identifies the index fossil “Condor”? Question 1

● Which rock layer is the youngest? Question 2

● Which statement correctly describes the law of super positioning? 1. Rocks that contain fossil are always sedimentary rocks 2. Rock layers become older as depth increases 3. Rock layers can tilt or become folded 4. Geologic history sequencing can only be achieved by using absolute dating Question 3

● In what era do humans live? Question 4

● In what period did the earliest dinosaurs emerge? Question 5

● Place the layers in order from youngest to oldest Do Now

● Intrusion Unique Geologic Laws

● Fault Unique Geologic Laws

Which rock layer is the oldest? Tilting

When the rock record doesn’t “conform” to the previous laws. 2 types of unconformity: 1. disconformity and 2. nonconformity Unconformity

Non-conformity When a layer of sedimentary rock is in contact with a layer of metamorphic or igneous rock

Disconformity layers are “missing” How could this occur?

● With your partner, determine the relative ages of the rocks layers. ● Which laws are you using to make your determination? Practice

Aim: How can we use index fossils to help describe the age of rock layers? Do Now: 1.Describe 2 ways a fossil can form. 2.Using your ESRT, select the fossil that has been extinct for the longest period of time.

Aim: How can we sequence rock layers that come from different locations? Do Now: Under the “sequence of events” with 8 steps, what evidence supports the statements that… A)The granite was eroded. B) The fault happened after the basalt, limestone and sandstone formed. C) The basalt was not eroded. D) The top layer was formed by a glacier. (Hint: How would the sediments be sorted?)

New test Correction procedure

Faulting – When did it happen? Faults cut through all existing layers. Any layers formed after the fault will not be shifted or broken. All layers formed before the fault will be shifted and broken.

Aim: How can we use index fossils to help describe the age of rock layers? Do Now: 1.Describe 2 ways a fossil can form. 2.Using your ESRT, select the fossil that has been extinct for the longest period of time.

Correlate the 3 rock sequences to make a single rock column for the geologic history of the region. (oldest on bottom)

Each black vertical bar represent the existence of a group of organisms. Extinction First appearance

KEY CONCEPT Specific environmental conditions are necessary in order for fossils to form.

● Specific conditions are needed for fossilization. ● Only a tiny percentage of living things became fossils. Fossils can form in several ways.

Time capsule

Index Fossils Must be: 1. Easily recognizable 2. Widespread 3. Exist for a short time

Correlation means _____________ We can match: o rock types o rock sequences o ash layers from volcanic eruptions o index fossils

Correlating or matching index fossils from three outcrops.

Correlate the 3 rock sequences to make a single rock column for the geologic history of the region. (oldest on bottom)

Oldest Youngest

Page 8 & 9 of the Reference Tables.