The student will analyze the impact of territorial expansion and population growth in the early decades of the new nation.

 a. Explain the Northwest Ordinance’s importance in the westward migration of Americans, and on slavery, public education, and the addition of new states.

Northwest Ordinance  The first U.S. governmental territory outside the original states The Northwest Territory ○ Created by the Northwest Ordinance  Demonstrated that the national government intended to encourage westward expansion Would do so by organizing new states that would be equal members of the Union

Northwest Ordinance  It banned slavery in the Northwest Territory This law made the Ohio River the boundary between free and slave regions between the 13 states and the Mississippi River  Mandated the establishment of public schools in the Northwest Territory

 b. Describe Jefferson’s diplomacy in obtaining the Louisiana Purchase from France and the territory’s exploration by Lewis and Clark.

Louisiana Purchase  In the early 1800s, President Thomas Jefferson sent James Monroe to France To negotiate the purchase of the important port city of New Orleans Napoleon controlled New Orleans and much of the land west of the Mississippi River

Louisiana Purchase  In 1803, Napoleon agreed to sell not only New Orleans but also the entire Louisiana Territory for $15 million As a result, the United States nearly doubled in geographic area

Lewis and Clark  Jefferson sent: Meriwether Lewis William Clark ○ To explore Louisiana and the western lands all the way to the Pacific Ocean

Lewis and Clark  On their 16-month expedition, Lewis and Clark: Charted the trails west Mapped rivers and mountain ranges Wrote descriptions Collected samples of unfamiliar animals and plants Recorded facts and figures about the various Native American tribes and customs west of the Mississippi River

 c. Explain major reasons for the War of 1812 and the war’s significance on the development of a national identity.

War of 1812 (Causes)  In 1812, America declared war on Great Britain Which was already at war with France

War of 1812 (Causes)  Among the causes of this war, four stand out 1. Britain was preventing neutral American merchants from trading with the French 2. Americans were outraged by the British policy of impressment ○ American sailors were forced to serve in the British navy after their merchant ships were captured 3. Americans suspected the British were giving military support to Native Americans ○ Hoping they would fight to keep Americans from settling lands west of the Appalachian Mountains 4. Wished to drive the British out of North America altogether ○ By conquering Canada while the British army was fighting the French in Europe

War of 1812 (Battles)  The British burned Washington, D.C. in 1814 It was in retaliation for the Americans attacking and burning parts of Canada Dolly Madison collected valuable artifacts and papers from the White House

War of 1812 (Battles)  During the Battle of Ft. McHenry, Baltimore lawyer Francis Scott Key watched the British attack the fort  While watching in amazement as the American flag stood tall during the battle Key wrote a poem which later became our national anthem

War of 1812 (Battles)  During the Battle of New Orleans (last major) Andrew Jackson led a group of criminals, thugs, pirates, American soldiers, and Native Americans to a victory over the British On a hill overlooking the Gulf of Mexico and the Port of New Orleans, Jackson’s men picked off wave after wave of British soldiers The treaty to end the war, had already been signed before the battle of New Orleans even began ○ Neither Jackson, nor the British knew of the Treaty

War of 1812 (Results)  Ended of all U.S. military hostility with Great Britain Never again would Britain and the United States wage war over diplomacy, trade, territory, or any other kind of dispute  America’s army and navy were firmly established as worthy opponents of any European military force The U.S. military achievements in the War of 1812 also served to heighten nationalist sentiments

 d. Describe the construction of the Erie Canal, the rise of New York City, and the development of the nation’s infrastructure.

National Infrastructure  Many families moved west Past the Appalachian Mountains to the Mississippi River Travel was difficult and took a long time So, private companies built the nation’s roads and waterways ○ Usually turnpikes, or toll roads, which travelers paid a fee to use ○ These fees were used to pay for upkeep of the new roads

National Infrastructure  Barges were used on rivers to carry people and goods The steamboat was used by private companies  Where rivers did not run and roads could not be built, canals were built Artificial rivers

Erie Canal  Most famous canal built in this era Connected the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean Was opened in 1825 after eight years of digging Stretches 363 miles from Lake Erie to the Hudson River ○ The Hudson flows into the Atlantic Ocean at New York City

The Erie Canal  Served as a turnpike for barges Greatly lowered transportation costs It opened up western New York and regions further west to increased settlement ○ It also helped unite new regions with the Atlantic states

Rise of New York City  Was the capital of the United States until 1790 In the early 1800s, civic development turned this colonial town into a great economic center By 1835, New York City outpaced Philadelphia as the largest U.S. city

Rise of New York City  The Erie Canal linked European merchants and agricultural markets across the Appalachians This caused trade to grow  Was also home to the many artisan workers in the U. S. Its banking and commercial activities made it the leading city in all of North America

 e. Describe the reasons for and importance of the Monroe Doctrine.

Monroe Doctrine  1823, President James Monroe warned the nations of Europe not to meddle in the politics of North and South America A group of European countries planned to help each other recapture American colonies that had gained independence

Monroe Doctrine  Said: The U. S. would prevent European nations from interfering with independent American countries The U. S. would remain neutral in wars between European nations and their American colonies ○ If battles took place in the New World, the United States would view such battles as hostile actions against the U. S.  The Monroe Doctrine defined an aspect of U.S. foreign policy to which America still holds today