Presidential Election of 1808

James Madison Becomes President

Dolly Madison

Montpelier

1. Napoleonic Wars 1806 & 1807 Berlin Decrees & Milan Decrees  Britain impressed over 6,000 American sailors.

2. Chesapeake-Leopard “Affair” QJune 21, QBr. Captain fired on the USS Chesapeake. Q3 dead, 18 wounded. QBr. Foreign Office said it was a mistake. QJefferson’s Response:  Forbade Br. ships to dock in American ports.  Ordered state governors to call up as much as 100,000 militiamen.

Chesapeake-Leopard “Affair”

3. The Embargo Act (1807) The “OGRABME” Turtle QForbade export of all goods from the US. QUnexpected Consequences:  1807 exports  $108 mil.  1808 exports  $ 22 mil.

Madison’s attempts at peace Repealing the Embargo ActRepealing the Embargo Act

4. The Non-Intercourse Act (1809) QReplaced the Embargo Act. QReopened trade with all nations EXCEPT Britain and France. QRemained U. S. policy until QUnexpected Consequences:  N. Eng. was forced to become self- sufficient again [old factories reopened].  Laid the groundwork for US industrial power.  Jefferson, a critic of an industrial America, ironically contributed to Hamilton’s view of the US!

Macon’s Bill #2 Another attempt to solve the trade/impressments disputeAnother attempt to solve the trade/impressments dispute –May 1810 –Opened trade w/ Great Britain & France »1 st to compel w/ US terms, US would cut off trade w/ »Other country »French first to respond—US cuts off trade w/ GB

5. Br. Instigation of Indians British General Brock Meets with Tecumseh

Battle of Tippecanoe TecumsehTecumseh Governor William Henry HarrisonGovernor William Henry Harrison Battle of Tippecanoe (Nov. 1811)Battle of Tippecanoe (Nov. 1811) Shawnee Indians slow to recoverShawnee Indians slow to recover

6. “War Hawks” in Congress Declaration of War June 18, “War Hawks” in Congress Declaration of War June 18, 1812 Henry Clay [KY] John C. Calhoun [SC]

Presidential Election of 1812

“Mr. Madison’s War!”

American Problems QThe US was unprepared militarily:  Had a 12-ship navy vs. Britain’s 800 ships.  Americans disliked a draft  preferred to enlist in the disorganized state militias. QFinancially unprepared:  Flood of paper $.  Revenue from import tariffs declined. QRegional disagreements.

Overview of the War

Campaigns of 1813

Overview of War of 1812 The three-pronged attack NY refuses to advance British Canadians take Chicago (Fort Dearborn) Battle of the Thames (near Toronto) Tecumseh is killed British take NY & Washington, D.C. (1814) Burning of the White House Anglo-French war ends—more British troops committed to fight US Battle of New Orleans

The White House Is Burning; The British Are Coming, AGAIN!! (August 24, 1814)

Battle of Fort McHenry, 1814 And the rockets red glare The bombs bursting in air… -- Francis Scott Key

Gave proof through the night, That our flag was still there..

The Battle of New Orleans, 1815

Jackson’s Florida Campaigns

Hartford Convention December, 1814 – January, 1815

Hartford Convention

Treaty of Ghent December 24, 1814 The status quo ante.