Section 2

 Also known as a Polis  Most controlled an area of square miles  Home to fewer than 10,000 people  People met at the acropolis for government matters

 Monarchy – single ruler, usually a king  Aristocracy – ruled by a small group of nobles  Oligarchy – ruled by a few powerful people  Direct Democracy – state ruled by it’s citizens

MonarchyAristocracyOligarchyDirect Democracy

 Many conflicts between the rulers and the common people  New rulers with the interest of the common people in mind were known as Tyrants

 Reformers began to move towards democracy  A man named Draco takes control  “all Athenians were equal under law”  Made the death penalty for most crimes

 Solon takes control  Put the people into 4 social classes  Top three could be in the government  Cleisthenes takes control  Developed ten zones depending on where you live  Council of Five Hundred

 Only sons of wealthy families  Started at age 7  Each day they had to exercise and participate in athletics  When they got older they had to join the military

 Educated at home by mothers and other females  Their job included:  Raise strong children  Managing the household  Prepare meals

 Minoans teach the Mycenaean’s how to trade  Dorian’s take over Greece  Mycenaean’s find Greece  Trojan War  Kidnapping of Helen  Homer wrote the book, Iliad  Cleisthenes takes control of Athens  Draco takes control of Athens  Solon takes control of Athens  New rulers taking over known as Tyrants

 First one:  Held for one day  Had one event, a race called a stade  Events were held every four years

 Years after the first Olympics a few more events were added  Long distance race  Wrestling  Long Jump  Javelin  Discus throw

 All would have been considered amateurs today  Received no money  Trained for months  Winners were considered heroes

 Home of the first Olympics  It was built around an alter where Zeus threw a bolt of lightning

 Do you think it was a good decision to add more sporting events to the Olympics?  How are today’s Olympics similar and different from Olympics in ancient Greece?

1. Polis – a city-state 2. Tyrant – person who gained control of a city- state by supporting the poor 3. Helot – peasants forced to stay on the land they worked 4. Phalanx – military formation where soldiers stood side by side holding a spear and shield 5. Hoplite – foot soldiers of the army 6. Persian Wars – fight between Greece and Persia

 Place known as the Peloponnesus  Sparta was controlled by the military  Took over the Messenians (Helots)  Used them as slaves

 First Group:  Citizens who came from original inhabitants  Second:  Non-citizens who were free, worked in industry  Third:  Helots, a little better than slaves

 Valued duty, strength, and discipline  Not freedom, individuality, beauty, and learning  Men were expected to serve in the army until 60 yrs old  Young men wore tunics and no shoes  Slept on hard benches with no blankets  Only ate a bowl of porridge a day  Women were trained and had the most freedom out of all city-states

 Persian Empire conquered the area of Anatolia  Athenian army revolted  25,000 Persians vs. 10, 000 Athenians

 Create a Venn Diagram using Monarchy, Aristocracy, and Oligarchy  Must have three facts in each category