Human Geography of the United States: Shaping an Abundant Land The United States has grown both physically and economically. In the 20 th century, the U.S. set aside isolationism and became the world’s sole superpower. Old ranch houses near Telluride, Colorado. NEXT

Section 1 History and Government of the United States

Creating a Nation Room to Move The United States: -occupies two-fifths of North America -world’s third largest country in land area, population Rich resources and moderate climate have always attracted immigrants -constant migration—movement—of peoples within the country History and Government of the United States SECTION 1 NEXT Continued...

SECTION 1 Many Peoples Settle the Land By 11,000 B.C. Asian nomads spread out, develop different cultures- Native Americans Spaniards are first Europeans to arrive in the “New World” -St. Augustine (Florida) is oldest settlement In the early 1600s French settlers arrive -settle Canada, along St. Lawrence River -want fish and fur continued Creating a Nation NEXT Continued...

SECTION 1 NEXT Many Peoples Settle the Land About the same time English settlers land -first permanent English settlement Jamestown, Virginia (1607) Force Native Americans to move, bring African slaves to work plantations Columbian Exchange between Old, New Worlds: plants, animals, disease continued Creating a Nation Continued...

SECTION 1 NEXT Establishing and Maintaining the Union French and English fight over trade and territory in North America American Revolution (1775–1783): British colonies form United States 1803 Louisiana Purchase from France doubles size of U.S. -includes all land between Mississippi and Rockies continued Creating a Nation Continued...

SECTION 1 NEXT Establishing and Maintaining the Union In early 1800s Western European immigrants arrive in large numbers -settle in Northeast industrial cities, Midwest farmlands Sectionalism—loyalty to region over nation—grows, creates tension -industrial North versus agricultural South and its slave labor -Civil War fought between North and South from 1861 to 1865 continued Creating a Nation

An Industrial and Urban Society Westward Movement Pioneers venture west over rugged terrain during 1800s -Oregon Trail—2,000 miles, 6 months over prairie, desert, mountains Government moved Native Americans off land by treaty, force Frontier—free, open land between the Mississippi and the Pacific SECTION 1 NEXT Continued...

SECTION 1 NEXT Industrialization and Urbanization 14 million European immigrants enter U.S. between 1860 and go west or to urban centers like New York, Cleveland, Detroit, Chicago Rather than farm, many work in textile, steel, oil, food processing continued An Industrial and Urban Society

SECTION 1 NEXT Looking Beyond Its Borders U.S. avoided involvement in foreign affairs during its growth period -had own resources, food, factories; separated from conflicts by oceans Changed by depression and world wars; only strong economy after WWII World Power and Domestic Change Continued...

SECTION 1 NEXT Social Change and Technological Growth Rapid social change in second half of 20 th century -migration to suburbs—the communities outside cities Immigrants arrive from Latin America and Asia Unrest in ’60s and ’70s: civil rights, feminist movement, Vietnam continued World Power and Domestic Change

Living in a Global Society Cold War (1945–1991): U.S. leads nations against communism, U.S.S.R. U.S. is sole superpower after collapse of European communism in 1991

Governing the People The United States’ Political System Representative democracy— people rule through elected representatives Federal republic—powers divided between national, state governments SECTION 1 NEXT

Three separate, equal branches: -executive branch headed by president, carries out laws -legislative branch makes laws -judicial branch interprets laws, reviews lower court decisions

NEXT Section 2 Economy and Culture of the United States

The World’s Greatest Economic Power The U.S. Leads World’s largest economy: agricultural, manufacturing, trade leader -U.S. accounts for more than 10% of world’s exports—goods sold to another country Success is due to resources, skilled labor, stable political system Free enterprise economy- businesses operate for profit with little governmental control SECTION 2 NEXT Continued...

SECTION 2 NEXT An Agricultural and Industrial Giant Due to fertile soil and good machines, U.S. accounts for 40% of world’s corn; 20% of cotton; 10% of wheat, cattle, hogs Largest industrial output in world includes: petroleum, steel, electronics, telecommunications U.S. advances in electronics, computers continued The World’s Greatest Economic Power Continued...

SECTION 2 NEXT An Agricultural and Industrial Giant Industrial centers: -older: Atlantic Coast, Great Lakes -newer: urban South, Pacific coast Areas become associated with certain products: -Detroit: automobiles -Seattle: aircraft -Silicon Valley (northern California): computers continued The World’s Greatest Economic Power Continued...

SECTION 2 NEXT A Postindustrial Economy A service industry produces a service rather than a product U.S. is leading importer and exporter -exports raw materials, agricultural products, manufacturing goods -imports automobiles, electronics, machinery, apparel -Canada and Mexico are major trade partners continued The World’s Greatest Economic Power

A Diverse Society The American Melting Pot Nation of immigrants; largest ethnic groups include English/Irish/Scottish, German, African, French, Italian, Polish, Mexican Europeans ancestry accounts for 70% of population followed by13% Hispanic, 12% African American, 4% Asian,1% Native American SECTION 2

2 NEXT continued A Diverse Society Continued... Languages and Religion English is dominant language, Spanish is second most common Religious breakdown: Christian 85%, Jews, Muslims 2% each

SECTION 2 NEXT The Arts and Popular Culture Hollywood is filmmaking center of U.S., supplies movies to the world American music developed from various ethnic groups: jazz, blues, gospel, and rock ‘n’ roll have African- American origins -country and bluegrass come from Southern whites of British ancestry continued A Diverse Society

SECTION 2 NEXT How Americans Live, Work, and Play Almost 50% of working-age Americans are employed More than 10% of Americans live in poverty Kids age 5 to16 are required to attend school -90% attend public schools U.S. has over 2,300 4-year public and private colleges, universities Leisure activities: hobbies, museums, libraries, TV, films, computers, sports continued American Life Today

NEXT Section 3 Subregions of the United States

The Northeast The Region New England—six northern states of Northeast: -Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Mass., RhodeIsland, Connecticut Middle Atlantic states: Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey Northeast has only 5% of land, but 20% of population Subregions of the United States SECTION 3 Continued... NEXT

SECTION 3 NEXT America’s Gateway Europeans settled here first; region served as immigration “gateway” Northeast was, and is, U.S. heart of trade, commerce, industry Rich farmland in Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey continued The Northeast Continued... Megalopolis—several large cities grow together -“BoWash:” Boston, New York City, Philadelphia, Washington, D.C.

The Midwest The Region The Midwest—north-central U.S., known as the American Heartland SECTION 3 NEXT Continued... Agricultural and Industrial Heartland Central location, soil, climate make it nation’s “breadbasket”-corn, wheat, soy beans, meat, dairy; meat-packing, food-processing Trade, distribution on Great Lakes, Mississippi, with Chicago as hub

SECTION 3 NEXT The Region The South—1/4 of U.S. land, more than 1/3 of population -11 states were once part of the Civil War Confederacy The South Continued... The Old South Virginia was England’s first American colony South’s ethnic mix includes Africans, Hispanics, Cajuns, Creoles Once agricultural, rural; now cities growing

SECTION 3 NEXT The New South Agriculture: cotton, tobacco, fruits, peanuts, rice, livestock Energy resources and air conditioning boost industry in 1950s -“Sunbelt” attracts manufacturing, tourists, retirees -industries: petroleum, steel, chemicals, textiles, electronics metropolitan areas—large cities and nearby suburbs, towns continued The South

The West The Region The West-from Great Plains to Pacific, plus Alaska and Hawaii SECTION 3 NEXT Continued...

SECTION 3 NEXT Developing the West California is most populous state -Los Angeles the West’s cultural, commercial center Rapid 20 th -century growth due to air conditioning, irrigation Economy: foreign trade with Asia; varied industries -farms, ranches, logging, fish, mines, oil, tourism, film, computers continued The West