The Closing of the Frontier (1865-1900). I. Transformation of Native Americans 2.Subsistence 3.Nomadic 4.Settled.

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Presentation transcript:

The Closing of the Frontier ( )

I. Transformation of Native Americans 2.Subsistence 3.Nomadic 4.Settled

Transformation of Native Americans (cont’d) 5.Lakota (AKA Sioux) 1.Plains 6.Buffalo 7.Navajo, Apache, Comanche (SW)

II. Post-Civil War Reservation Policy 1.Help reform Indians 2.Assimilate 3.“Reservations”  easier to reform 4.Indians had no say 5.Not citizens

Chief Rain-in-the Face Sitting Bull Crazy Horse

III. Resistance 1.Sioux Wars June 1876—”Custer’s Last Stand” 3.Sioux won-->revenge

Resistance (cont’d) 4. Ghost Dance 5.Land; Buffalo; NO WHITE MEN!! 6.Wounded Knee

IV. Dawes Severalty Act parcels 2.Given to individual families 3.If accepted  citizens in 25 yrs.

4. Effects: Loss tribal lands Gov. dependency Disrupted Culture

V. Western Society 1.More men than women 2.Strike it rich; autonomy 3.Isolated, unprotected

VI. Railroads 1.May 10, 1869-Trans. RR 2.Stimulated: 1.Steel 2.Iron 3.Lumber 3.4 Time Zones

Railroads (cont’d) Chinese came during the Gold Rush 5.7,000  RR 6.Chinese Exclusion Act 1882-Prohibited Chinese immigration. 7.Gov. funded: aid and land grants

Railroads (cont’d) 8.Cornelius Vanderbuilt 9.RR monopoly

VII. Great Plains Farming 1.Ag. big business! 2.Mechanization 3.Hatch Act Ag. experiment Stations in every state 2.Science/Tech.

Farming (cont’d) 4.Difficult to Adapt: 1.Sod Houses (Sodbusters) 2.Little water 3.Insects 4.Weather 5.Monotony

Farming (cont’d) 5.Homestead Act, Work the land for 5 yrs. 2.Given the title, 160 acres 3.Encourage settlement

VIII. Cattle Boom 1.Cash Crop of W/SW 2.Cowboys  Long Drives Texas up to Cheyenne, WY (Long Drives) 3.Barbed Wire 1.Enclosed farms 2.Kept cattle off 4.Overgrazing; bad weather

Industrialization and the Gilded Age of Politics

I. Industrialization 1.Industrialization 2.Urbanization 3.Immigration

II. Technology 1.Edison 2.Ford

Technology (cont’d) 3.Other inventions 1.Refrigeration

III. Labor 1.Work like robots. 2.Employers take control 3.Women and kids 4.Unsafe 5.No benefits

6. Strikes!—Great RR Strike of 1877

IV. Unions 1.Better pay, conditions, hours 2.Knights of Labor 1.Blacks 2.Immigrants 3.Women 4.Skilled/Unskilled 3.Too general

Unions (cont’d) 4.Haymarket Riot American Federation of Labor (AFL) 6.Skilled; org. by craft 7.No women, blacks, Immigrants, unskilled

V. Corporate Giants 1.Supreme Court defends corporations as “citizens”!! 2.John D. Rockefeller 3.Horizontal Integration—One aspect of production 4.Monopoly

Corporate Giants (cont’d) 5.Andrew Carnegie 6.Vertical Integration—all aspects of an industry 7.U.S. Steel Corp. 8.JP Morgan 9.Financed such corporations

VI. Increase in Standard of Living 1.Mass goods 2.Mass ads 3.Luxury items 4.Rising incomes  status symbols

Increase in Standard of Living (cont’d) 5.More Leisure Time! The Great Frysinger Team

Vaudville Forerunner to film

Yellow Journalism

VII. Urbanization —U.S. Urban 2.Many moved to city  better life opportunity 3.Natural resources+RR+Industrialization=Urban growth 4.Suburbs  for the wealthy 5.Indoor plumbing, street lights, sewers, etc.

Urbanization (cont’d) 6. Inner cities= slums

7.Dumbbell Tenements 8.Cheap brick stories 10.Very small 11.No water, no RR 12. RR in basement for whole building!!