Lactate dehydrogenase is crucial for tumor associated macrophage protection of multiple myeloma cells against chemotherapy Carolyn Stierhoff, Enguang Bi,

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
John A. Barrett Ph.D. Ziopharm Oncology, Boston MA 02129
Advertisements

RNA INTERFERENCE RNAI RELATION TO P53 USING RNAI TO SILENCE MUTANT P53 IN BLADDER CANCER CELLS & SIRNA BAR CODE SCREENING By: Chelsey Maag.
Neel Bhalala (2009) Sofia Medical University. Background  Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents are man-made versions of a natural protein known as erythropoietin.
Tumor Markers Lecture one By Dr. Reem Sallam. Objectives  To briefly introduce cancers, their incidence, some common terms, and staging system.  To.
Notch receptor and ligands Receptor isoforms: Notch 1-4 Ligands: jagged 1, jagged 2, delta1, delta2, delta 3, delta 4 Microenviroment of bone marrow.
Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common brain cancer of middle aged Americans. Unfortunately, survival rates are typically less than.
Modulation of the Cellular Phenotype in Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Cells by Folic Acid and Polyamine Pools Nathan W. Sweeney, Julie A. Buckmeier, Christina.
The Story of Bcl-2 Linking cell apoptosis to tumor metastasis Crystal structure of Bcl-2 complex By Yaming Wang.
Effects of Etoposide on the Apoptosis of HL-60 Cells Stefanos F. Haddad a, Glaucia V. Faheina-Martins b,c, Demetrius A. M. Araújo b,c a Department of Biology,
The Role of Mast Cells and CD117 in the Spread of HIV-1 Particles in Vitro Stacey Baker, Department of Biology, York College Project Summary Little is.
Tumor Markers Lecture one By Dr. Waheed Al-Harizi.
OncoTracker James Berenson, MD President and CEO November 2014.
Inhibition of SHH signaling enhances Docetaxel efficacy in castration-resistant prostate cancer cells Sierra L. Lawhorne 1,2, Sakthivel Muniyan 1, Parthasarathy.
Signaling Pathways Produced By Combining DsRNA with Paclitaxal to treat Ovarian Cancer Switu Patel.
PDAM is frequently downregulated in oligodendroglial tumors and its knockdown by siRNA induces cisplatin resistance Ng Ho-Keung 吳浩強 The State Key Laboratory.
NOTES: CH 18 part 2 - The Molecular Biology of Cancer
Thalidomide, Radiation, and Peripheral Stem Cell Transplantation as Combination Treatment for Multiple Myeloma Allison Reczek Department of Biological.
Livin in Prognosis of Childhood ALL Livin- member of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP). – IAP- acts on effector and initiator caspases Function of.
Advanced Cancer Topics Journal Review 4/16/2009 AD.
Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 25 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.
. Cell Division- Regulation of the Cell Cycle. Target #25-I can explain the external factors that are involved in cell cycle regulation Both external.
Changes in Tumor Growth and Metastatic Capacities of J82 Human Bladder Cancer Cells Suppressed by Down-regulation of Calreticulin Expression Speaker: Yi-Chien.
MiR-19b/20a/92a regulates the self- renewal and proliferation of gastric cancer stem cells Journal of Cell Science (IF=5.325) 报告人:黄美玲
FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS REVEAL THAT THE SERINE SYNTHESIS PATHWAY IS ESSENTIAL IN BREAST CANCER Introduction: Tim Butler Spellman Lab.
Control of Gene Activity Chapter 17. Controlling gene activity Remember to control the cell one must control protein synthesis. Remember to control the.
RNA-binding Protein Insulin-like Growth Factor mRNA-binding Protein 3 (IMP-3) Promotes Cell Survival via Insulin-like Growth Factor II Signaling after.
CONTEXT SPECIFIC ROLE OF DEUBIQUITYLASE ENZYME, USP9X, IN HEAD AND NECK CANCER Devathri Nanayakkara Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery Griffith University.
Infectivity Enhanced Adenovirus as a Strategy for Improving the Efficiency of RNA Interference in an Ovarian Cancer Model T Michael Numnum, MD International.
Acknowledgement of funding Regulator of G-protein signaling 5 blunts cellular viability mediated by a stabilized lysophosphatidic acid analogue (2S-OMPT)
BRG-1 in Cancer BRG-1 is an ATPase subunit of the SWI/SNF class of chromatin remodeling complexes It has been found mutated in a number of cancer cell.
Signaling Pathways Produced By Combining DsRNA with Paclitaxal to treat Ovarian Cancer Switu Patel.
D EPARTMENT OF I MMUNOLOGY & H ISTOCOMPATIBILITY – U NIVERSITY OF T HESSALY TNFRSF13B/TACI and TNFRSF13C/BAFFR in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
ROLE OF GENE EXPRESSION:  Activation of a gene that results in a protein  Cells DO NOT need to produce proteins for every code. GENOME:  Complete genetic.
Inhibition of PDCD6 Induces Cell Proliferation and Reduces Apoptosis in Human Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Cells Yan Huang, Xiaohua Wu Department of Gynecology,
Stephanie J. Culler, Kevin G. Hoff, Christina D. Smolke
Effects of metformin and thymoquinone on survival of leukemic cells
Blood and Tissue Based Molecular Signatures in Predicting Prostate Cancer Progression Tarek A. Bismar, MD Professor, University of Calgary Departments.
Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFs)
5.3 Regulation of the Cell Cycle Cell cycle regulation is necessary for healthy growth.
5.3 Regulation of the Cell Cycle TEKS 5A, 5B, 5C, 5D, 9C The student is expected to: 5A describe the stages of the cell cycle, including deoxyribonucleic.
Relationship Between STAT3 Inhibition and the Presence of p53 on Cyclin D1 Gene Expression in Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines Introduction STAT3 and p53.
Small interfering ribonucleic acids (siRNA’s) are double stranded RNA molecules used to post transcriptionally silence genes by binding to specific mRNA.
Products > U87 Transfection Reagent (Glioblastoma Cells) Altogen Biosystems offers the U87 Transfection Reagent among a host of 100+ cell line specific.
Targeting of reactive oxygen species can be a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment Ying-Ray Lee 1, San-Yuan Chen 2, and Hau-Ren Chen 3 1.
The role of regulatory B cells on hepatocellular carcinoma progression Conclusion Results Fig2. (A and B) In vivo, Bregs in SCID mice increased the size.
Mitochondrial Retrograde Signaling Mediated by UCP2 Inhibits Cancer Cell Proliferation and Tumorigenesis 석사 1 학기 Tran Phuong Thao.
Lenalidomide plus dexamethasone is more effective than dexamethasone alone inpatients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma regardless of prior.
Introduction Conclusions
Renal Cell Carcinoma: Evaluation of the mitochondrial long non-coding RNA as potential targets for therapy Borgna V.1,2,3, Peña E5, Rivas A1,2,4, Araya.
Yu-fang huang, yi-hui wu, cheng-yang chou*
Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition
Upregulation of PD-L1 by EGFR Activation Mediates the Immune Escape in EGFR- Driven NSCLC: Implication for Optional Immune Targeted Therapy for NSCLC Patients.
Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition
Growth differentiating factor 15 enhances the tumor-initiating and self-renewal potential of multiple myeloma cells by Toshihiko Tanno, Yiting Lim, Qiuju.
Gene expression and immunologic consequence of SPAN-Xb in myeloma and other hematologic malignancies by Zhiqing Wang, Yana Zhang, Haichao Liu, Emanuela.
Molecular Therapy - Nucleic Acids
Figure 3 The yin and yang of tumour-associated
Volume 25, Issue 3, Pages (March 2017)
SOX4 Promotes Proliferative Signals by Regulating Glycolysis through AKT Activation in Melanoma Cells  Wei Dai, Xinyuan Xu, Shuli Li, Jingjing Ma, Qiong.
Ahmed Mohyeldin, Tomás Garzón-Muvdi, Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa 
Translated by Krishna Karamsetty
Myeloma cell–derived Runx2 promotes myeloma progression in bone
Volume 17, Issue 2, Pages (February 2009)
Products > CLBPEC Transfection Reagent (Neuroblastoma Cells)
Functional analysis of S6K1 regulation of apoptosis control
Volume 33, Issue 6, Pages e7 (June 2018)
Bcl-2 and bcl-xL Antisense Oligonucleotides Induce Apoptosis in Melanoma Cells of Different Clinical Stages  Robert A. Olie, Christoph Hafner, Renzo Küttel,
The Role of TIPE2 Protein in Invasive Breast Carcinoma
Targeting GAPLINC decreased CD44 expression and tumor growth in vivo.
Mohammed Charbat.
Presentation transcript:

Lactate dehydrogenase is crucial for tumor associated macrophage protection of multiple myeloma cells against chemotherapy Carolyn Stierhoff, Enguang Bi, Lintao Liu, Yong Lu, Xingzhe Ma, Jianfei Qian, Qiang Wang, Gang Xue, Maojie Yang, Tianshu Li, Qing Yi Multiple myeloma (MM) is a cancer characterized by an accumulation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. Although chemotherapy is the most effective treatment, the majority of patients experience relapse. The major cause of treatment failure is the development of multidrug resistance. Thus, overcoming drug resistance will greatly improve patient survival. The enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) plays an important role in anaerobic respiration by converting pyruvate into lactate in the absence or low supply of oxygen. It has been observed that tumor- associated macrophages (TAMs) present in tumor environments can protect MM from chemotherapy treatment. We discovered that an LDH knockdown in myeloma cells decreased TAMs’ role in cell protection against chemotherapy treatment. Also, we found that, without LDH, macrophages were not able to differentiate into TAMs successfully. These results suggest that LDH activity in tumor environments promotes tumor survival, stimulates tumorigenesis, and manipulates local macrophages into performing pro-tumor functions. ABSTRACT CLEVELAND CLINIC LERNER RESEARCH INSTITUTE The standard treatment for MM is chemotherapy with combinations of drugs such as melphalan, thalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone 1. Some cancer cells and tumors remain resistant or develop resistance to these treatments. TAMs have been shown to have both pro- and anti-tumor effects. Some of the anti-tumor effects include tumor angiogenesis, growth, development, and treatment resistance 2. In previous studies, it has been shown that, by affecting apoptotic signaling, TAMs protect myeloma cells with which they are in direct contact 3. The goal of this study was to explore possible mechanisms for myeloma cell protection by means of TAMs and their infiltration into myeloma tumor beds. Previously, other studies have associated high LDH levels with low prognosis and shortened survival rates for multiple myeloma patients 4. In order to explore the role of LDH in TAM-associated protection, a gene knockdown of LDH was performed. A knockdown involves a post-transcriptional silencing of a gene, in this case LDH, by the use of small RNA molecules which target gene transcripts for degradation, thus causing reduced expression of the target gene. In order to aid in development of more effective chemotherapeutic agents to combat MM, our study looks to identify the role of LDH in TAMs' protection of myeloma cancer cells through this knockdown method. INTRODUCTION RESULTS Figure 1. RT-PCR and western blotting showing that an LDH knockdown decreases LDH mRNA expression and detectable protein levels in myeloma cells. Figure 2. Flow cytometry using co-cultures of macrophage and myeloma cells representing increased myeloma cell death with melphalan treatment and LDH knockdown. Figure 3. RT-PCR showing the relative expression of the TAM markers ARG1 and VEGF. With LDH knockdown, ARG1 and VEGF expression is reduced. Figure 4. Flow cytometry showing a decrease in tumor- associated macrophage proliferation with the LDH knockdown. Methods RT-PCR and western blotting to determine the efficiency of the LDH knockdown. Flow cytometry with an apoptotic signaling assay to determine knockdown effects in myeloma/macrophage co-cultures. RT-PCR to identify the expression patterns of known TAM markers with an LDH knockdown. Flow Cytometry with a cell viability assay to determine TAM proliferation with an LDH knockdown. CONCLUSIONS An LDH knockdown decreases macrophages’ ability to protect myeloma cells from melphalan treatment. LDH knockdown decreases the expression of known tumor- associated macrophage markers. Knocking down LDH in myeloma prevents tumor-associated macrophages from growing and proliferating. REFERENCES 1 Multiple Myeloma. American Cancer Society, Jan Web. 8 March 8, Quatromoni, Jon G, and Evgeniy Eruslanov. “Tumor-Associated Macrophages: Function, Phenotype, and Link to Prognosis in Human Lung Cancer.” American Journal of Translational Research 4.4 (2012): 376–389. Print. 3 Zheng, Yuhuan et al. “Macrophages Are an Abundant Component of Myeloma Microenvironment and Protect Myeloma Cells from Chemotherapy Drug–induced Apoptosis.” Blood (2009): 3625–3628. PMC. Web. 8 Mar Evangelos Terpos et al. “High serum lactate dehydrogenase adds prognostic value to the international myeloma staging system even in the era of novel agents.” Eur J Haematol. 2010;85:114–119. PMC. Web. 8 March ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thank you to the Yi Lab and Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute