The Strength of T Cell Receptor Signal Controls the Polarization of Cytotoxic Machinery to the Immunological Synapse Misty R. Jenkins, Andy Tsun, Jane.

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The Strength of T Cell Receptor Signal Controls the Polarization of Cytotoxic Machinery to the Immunological Synapse Misty R. Jenkins, Andy Tsun, Jane C. Stinchcombe, and Gillian M. Griffiths Immunity 31, 621–631, October 16, 2009 Lee, Hye-Yeong

Introduction Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) destroy virally infected and tumorigenic targets with remarkable specificity lytic granule –perforin 과 granzyme 을 담고 있는 specialized secretory granule –microtubule 을 따라 centrosome /MTOC(microtubule-organizing center) 로 이동하며 synapse 에 형성된 cleft 에 분비된다. TCR 과 pMHC 의 affinity 와 TCR 의 수가 CTL 과 그 target cell 이 binding 하는 avidity 에 영향을 준다. 바로 CTL 과 그 target cell 의 binding avidity 가 effector function 을 조절한다. reduced concentration of peptide or peptide with low affinity decrease CTL- mediated killing

Introduction Q. How different avidity interaction control the polarization of the centrosome and lytic granules to the immunological synapse? H1. conjugate formation H2. signaling OT-1 –TCR that recognize the ovalbumin peptide, SIINFEKL(OVA ) –H-2K b G4 : MHC 에 대해서는 OVA 와 동일, TCR 에 대해서는 낮은 affinity

Fig1.OT-I Conjugate Formation and Effector Responses to OVA and G4

Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) release Assay

Fig2. cSMAC Activation Correlates with Avidity Tetramer dissociation assay OVA-K b -PE G4-k b -PE

Fig2. cSMAC Activation Correlates with Avidity Na 3 VO 4 (orthovanadate): phosphatase inhibitor pSrc accumulation

>> G4 peptide 에 대한 response 가 phosphatase 의 영향으로 억제되고 있다. LCK 는 negative feedback 으로 SHP-1(phosphatase) 을 recruit 한다. 이 SHP-1 의 recruitment 는 pERK 에 의해서 억제된다. LCK SHP-1 pERK pERK 는 G4 보다 OVA 에 반응할 때 synapse 로 더 많이 모인다. pERK 는 granule polarization 과 actin remodeling 에 연관된다.

Fig3. Phospho-ERK Accumulates in the dSMAC, with Actin U0126: MEK inhibitor

같은 group 의 이전 연구에 따르면 TCR activation 시 actin 은 비켜서 (”clear”) dSMAC 을 형성하고 centrosome 이 plasma membrane 과 맞닿기 위해서 움직여온다. 이 두 가지 event 가 함께 일어날 것이다.

Fig4. Actin Clearance and Centrosome Polarization at the Immunological Synapse of OVA and G4 Conjugates

Fig5. Polarization of the Centrosome in CTL-Target Cell Conjugates peptide 의 affinity 가 centriole 이나 golgi 의 polarization 에는 영향을 미치지 않는다. G4 의 경우에 polarization 이 일어난 정도가 적을까 ?

Fig6. Quantitation of Centrosome Polarization p=0.01 centrosome 의 polarization 이 major 를 이루고 있음에도 G4 의 경우에는 killing 을 잘 일으키지 않는다. >>granule 의 polarization 은 어떠한가

Fig7. Granule Polarization and Release by OVA and G4 Conjugates LAMP-1: lysosomal membrane protein CD107a LAMP-1 CD8 Degranulation assay cell mix : effector & target labeling : a-LAMP-1-PE

Summary

Kinetics of early T cell receptor signaling regulate the pathway of lytic granule delivery to the secretory domain Allison M. Beal et al. Immunity 31 (2009) >> granule 이 움직여 오는 short path 와 long path 가 있고 TCR signaling (kinetics of Ca2+-mediated signaling) 에 따라 어느 pathway 를 따르게 할 것 인지 조절된다.

Further Study Tolerance 유도된 T cell 에서 1. CD99, TCR, CD4, CD8 등의 molecule 위치파악을 통해 SMAC 의 구성을 알 아본다. sectioning>electron microscopy confocal : xz 2. H60 N/H 에 대해 반응하는 T cell 의 차이를 분자적 수준에서 알아보기 > OVA 와 G4 의 관계와 유사할까