The Emergence of Urban America Chapter 20 Lecture Outline © 2013 W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.

The New Immigrants

America’s Move to Town Explosive Urban Growth – , population grew from 6 million to 44 million with most living in cities –Reasons for Urban growth Safety and security of cities from frontier life Technologies: elevators, steam radiators, inexpensive steel impacted buildings

America’s Move to Town

The Allure and Problems of the Cities –Unregulated urban growth created problems in: Sanitation Health Morale Mortality (death) rates were extremely high

America’s Move to Town Cities and the Environment –Sewage in streets –Limited access to clean water –Cholera, yellow fever, and typhoid Sanitation reform: -Banning hogs and cattle from -Building separate water and sewage systems -Creating trash collection services

America’s Move to Town

The New Immigration America’s Pull –By 1900, 30% of residents in cities were immigrants, mostly from Europe Ellis Island –Bureau of Immigration’s reception center –Immigrants who could not afford 1 st or 2 nd class cabins landed there –AKA the Statue of Liberty

The New Immigration

Strangers in a New Land –Settled in communities Little Italy Chinatown The Nativist Response –Rose to existence during this time –Frustrated with immigrants’ willingness to work for low standard wages

The New Immigration

Immigration Restriction –Rise of nativist sentiment (feeling) 1892 Congress overturned President Chester A. Arthur’s veto of the Chinese Exclusion Act –1 st federal law to restrict immigration on the basis of race and class –Shut doors to Chinese immigrants for 10 years

Popular Culture A Reading Public –Newspapers –Primary means for mass communication Saloon Culture –Social club of the poor in late 19 th Century (1800s) –Male patrons

Popular Culture

Outdoor Recreation –Intro of bicycle (1870s) –Creation of city parks New York’s Central Park (1858) Working Women and Leisure –Raise children –housework

Popular Culture

Spectator Sports –College football –Basketball –Professional baseball America’s national pastime ONLY white players were allowed in the Majors African-Americans only in minor leagues or Negro leagues

Popular Culture

Education and Social Thought Intellectual Life –Idealism of life to scientific “Realist” study –Charles Darwin Origin of species (1859) argued that life evolved through natural selection Social Darwinism –Writers applied Darwin’s ideas to social thought Arguing that society adopted a system in which the “survival of the fittest” allowed man’s better characteristics to be passed on

Education and Social Thought

Reform Darwinism –Counteract to Social Darwinism –Lester Frank –Humanity could control and shape the process of evolutionary social development

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