Chapter 2: States of Matter pages

Matter – Anything that takes up space and has mass. Three states of matter common on Earth: – Solid – Liquid – Gas The motion of the particles and the strength of attraction between the particles determine a material’s state of matter.

Solid: Particles are packed together in “fixed” positions; definite shape and volume.

Liquids: Particles are close together, but not in “fixed” positions; definite volume but no definite shape.

Viscosity – a liquid’s resistance to flow. Example: Honey High Viscosity Example: Water Low Viscosity

Surface Tension – the uneven forces acting on the particles on the surface of a liquid; acts as a thin film stretched across the liquid’s surface.

Gases: Particles move fast and do not stay close together; has no definite shape or volume.

Solid Shape Volume Particle Movement Particle Arrangement

Liquid Shape Volume Particle Movement Particle Arrangement

Gas Shape Volume Particle Movement Particle Arrangement

Thermal Energy, Heat, & Temperature Questions 1.How is thermal energy different from temperature? 2.Which has more thermal energy, a lake or a bucket of boiling water? Explain. 3.Which has a higher temperature, the ocean or a bucket of boiling water? Explain. 4.Do you have heat inside of you? Explain.

Thermal Energy, Heat, & Temperature Review

Changes of State: The state of a substance depends on the amount of thermal energy it possesses Gases have the highest amount of thermal energy Solids have the lowest amount of thermal energy

A change in state will occur if thermal energy is absorbed or released. Melting- a solid absorbs thermal energy; the change from a solid state to a liquid state (ice to water) Vaporization – a liquid absorbs thermal energy; the change from a liquid state to a gas state (water to water vapor)

A change in state will occur if thermal energy is absorbed or released. Freezing – a liquid loses thermal energy; the change from a liquid state to a solid state (water to ice) Condensation – a gas loses thermal energy; the change from a gas state to liquid state (water vapor to water)