Created by: Mrs. Susan Dube

 Solids can become liquids and liquids can become solids  Liquids can become gases and gases can become liquids  Solids can become gases (Copy into notes)

 Melting is the process by which a solid becomes a liquid  Melting point – is the lowest temperature at which a substance begins to melt  (copy into notes)

 As solids heat up, the particles gain energy and vibrate faster causing the particles to break loose and slide past one another becoming a liquid (copy into notes)

 Freezing is the process by which a liquid becomes a solid  Freezing point – is the temperature at which a specific liquid becomes a solid  The substance’s freezing point is the same as the substance’s melting point where the substance could exist either as a solid or a liquid  (copy into notes)

 As a liquid’s temperature is lowered, the particles lose energy and move more slowly.  Eventually, the particles move so slowly that the attraction among them cause the liquid to become a solid (copy into notes)

 What are the ways in which a solid can change state into a liquid or that a liquid can change into a solid? (answer question in notes)

 Evaporation is the process by which a liquid becomes a gas  Evaporation usually occurs at the surface of a liquid  The fastest moving particles at the surface of the liquid break away from the liquid and become gas particles  (Copy into notes)

 As the temperature increases, the energy in the liquid increases and the movement of the particles increases allowing them to escape from the liquid and become a gas  (Copy into notes)

 Boiling is another process by which a liquid becomes a gas  Boiling point – is the temperature at which the liquid becomes a gas  Substances have specific boiling points  Ex. Water boils at 100 ⁰C or 212⁰F  (Copy into notes)

 What are the ways in which a liquid changes state into a gas? What happens to the particles during that phase change? (Answer question in notes)

 As the temperature increases, the energy in the liquid increases and the movement of the particles increases allowing them to escape from the liquid and become a gas  (Copy into notes)

 Sublimation is when a solid changes directly to a gas (Copy into notes)  Ex. Dry ice is frozen carbon dioxide that sublimates

 Condensation is the process by which a gas becomes a liquid  Copy into notes

 When you cool a gas, the particles move more slowly and the attraction between the particles increases pulling the particles closer together forming a liquid (copy into notes)

 How does sublimation differ from condensation?  (Answer question in notes)