Civil War 5 th grade SocialStudies

Standard: SS5H1 a.Id. Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Brown’s Raid and explain how events related to C.W. b.Discuss how st. rights and slavery increased tension between N and S. c.ID major battles and campaigns d.Describe roles of important people in this point. e.Describe the effects of the C.W.

Slavery in U. S. Regions  Factory owners, merchants, bankers, and workers needed cotton and other crops from the South  Some people were afraid of losing their jobs if slavery ended.  Even though many in North thought slavery was wrong, they didn’t do anything about it

Who was Fredrick Douglas?  African American Abolitionist  Was an escaped slave who spoke against slavery  Helped Harriet Tubman

Uncle Tom’s Cabin Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe A lady named Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote a book, in 1852, describing how bad life could be for slaves. It brought attend to everyone just how bad slavery was in our country. After reading it, many abolitionist began to speak out about it.

Who is John Brown?  He was an abolitionist who was against slavery  Led a raid at Harper’s Ferry in West Virginia. With a group of people, he tried to stand up for the slaves by giving them weapons, but the Union soldiers attacked back and killed/captured them.

States’ Rights  People in the South believed that each state should be allowed to decide for itself about slavery (popular sovereignty)  Believed the Federal Government should not be able to make laws about things such as trade with Europe and slavery  The Northern states passed laws to tax goods from Europe, making them really expensive

When did the Civil War take place?  April 12, 1861-April 9,1865  Fort Sumter in Charleston, SC attacked by Confederate forces  Union forces surrendered the next day  Southern states (Confederates) were represented by gray uniforms  Northern states (Union) were represented by blue uniforms

Who were the C.W. leaders?  President: Abraham Lincoln  President of the Confederate States: Jefferson Davis  General of the Confederate army: Stonewall Jackson  General of the Union army: Ulysses S. Grant

Abraham Lincoln  Elected president twice: 1860 and 1864  Lawyer, state legislator and representative from Illinois  Did not want slavery to spread to new states and territories  7 states seceded before Lincoln became president and stated it was unlawful  April 14, 1865: Was shot by John Wilkes Booth in Ford’s Theater

Robert E. Lee  Was in the U. S. Army which became the Union Army  Had to resign to become the commander of the Confederate Army in 1860  Surrendered to General Grant

Ulysses S. Grant  General-in-chief of the Union Army  Split the Confederate Army in two by gaining control of the Mississippi  Planned to end the South by destroying everything needed to survive  He ordered Sherman’s March to the Sea  Served two terms as president in 1869 and 1877

Jefferson Davis  Representative and a senator for Mississippi  President of the Confederacy  Ordered the attack on Fort Sumter that started the Civil War

Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson  General in the Confederate Army  Led to many victories  Was shot at the Battle of Chancellorsville by his own man by accident who mistook him for a Union soldier  Confederate Army suffered many defeats after his death

William T. Sherman  Led Sherman’s March to the Sea through GA  Burned Atlanta and destroyed land and farms on the way to Savannah, GA

Major Battles/Campaigns:  1. Battle of Fort Sumter  2. Battle of Gettysburg  3. The Atlanta Campaign  4. Sherman’s March to the Sea  5. Appomattox Court House

Battle of Fort Sumter:  Accured on April 12-14, 1861 near Charleston, South Carolina.  Rebels fought to take the fort from the US Army.  This was the first step of rebellion starting the Civil War.

Battle of Gettysburg  90,000 Union vs. 75,000 Confederates  July 1-3, 1863  51,000 men were killed, wounded, missing, or captured on both sides.  Hugh turning point in war: Confederate Army never recovered and never invaded the North again.  Pres. Lincoln gave powerful speech afterwards…short but great. I challenge you to memorize “The Gettysburg Address”

The Atlanta Campaign:  A series of battles fought in northwest Georgia and around Atlanta during the summer of  Sheman started his attacks at Lookout Mt in Tenn and headed south. It did not go well for the Confederates and ended with the Burning of Atlanta on Sept 2.  Sherman then Began his March to the Sea.

Who is Clara Barton?  The Angel of the Battlefield  Helped soldiers that needed medical assistance

Sherman’s March to the Sea  After burning Atlanta, Sherman marched to Savannah destroying everything from homes to railroads, bridges, and roads  He did not burn the beautiful port city of Savannah. He sent word to Lincoln that he saved it as a gift to the president.  It is still the oldest existing city in our state because it was spared, and can be studied for its great historical value.

The Anaconda Plan: The Anaconda Plan had three main goals: First, Northern ships would blockade Southern seaports. Second, the North would take control of the Mississippi River. Third, Union troops would invade the South from both the east and west. This would “Squeeze” the Confederacy like a snake squeezes its prey.

Surrender at Appomattox  April 9, 1865  Lee and Grant met at the McLean home in Appomattox Court House  Grant wrote the terms of the agreement  Over the next few weeks, other Southern Generals across the South surrendered as well

Emancipation Proclamation  The Emancipation Proclamation: It is a document that President Lincoln signed that said all slaves are FREE!!

Sadly, more people died in the Civil War than any other American War.

Writing Assignment:  Write a letter home to your family as though you are a soldier in the Civil War.