The CIVIL WAR USHC 3.2 Summarize the course of the Civil War and its impact on democracy, including the major turning points; the impact of the Emancipation Proclamation, unequal treatment of African American units, the geographic, economic and political factors in the defeat of the Confederacy and the ultimate defeat of the idea of secession.

A. Economic resources - north Industrial power Factories could produce supplies Railroads Supplies and soldiers transported Population 2.5 times more people/immigrants Navy in place 9 times more ships

B. Economic resources - SOUTH South relied on trade for supplies Trade with British – Cotton demand Weapons from British Supplies from British Ships from British Alliance with British Unsuccessful British make money

C. Geographic factors – North Must conquer South Invade and keep supply lines Fighting in Unfamiliar areas Large # of immigrants – Irish, German Living off land Ethnicity of Union Army White American – 1,000,000 Germans – 216,000 Afro-American – 210,000 Irish – 200,000 Dutch – 90,000 Others – 185,000

D. Geographic factors - south Defensive War “Home field” advantage Familiarity with land More used to living off land

E. Strategy of the north (union army) THE ANACONDA PLAN Blockade the South – cut off trade Divide the South in half – Mississippi River Conquer Richmond, VA – capital of South

F. Strategy of the south (confederate army) Defend the South Get British to join war on their side

G. Political leadership - north President Abraham Lincoln U.S. Congress behind war – most anti-slavery Fight to protect Unity/Union Moral Purpose of War Emancipation Proclamation Political tool – keep support for war, keep British out Only frees slaves in “rebellious states” Technically does not free slaves

H. Political leadership - south President Jefferson Davis South creates a Confederation government – very similar to Articles. Difficult for President Davis to get any southern states to agree Not a united effort – states tended to focus on themselves

I. Military leadership - north Union Army Ineffective military leadership at beginning of war Lincoln fired several and accused one of having the “slows” Ulysses S. Grant Winfield Scott William T. Sherman

J. Military leadership - south Robert E. Lee Recruited by Lincoln to lead Union army, but Lee would not fight against Virginia Nathan Bedford Forrest Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson

K. Major battles Ft. Sumter – first shots, Charleston SC Bull Run/Manassas – Virginia Campaign Antietam – South invades Maryland Vicksburg – North controls Mississippi River Gettysburg - South invades Pennsylvania Atlanta – Total War, and Sherman’s March to the Sea Appomattox – South surrenders

L. Major outcomes of civil war Emancipation Proclamation Symbol of war purpose Does not technically free slaves 54th Massachusetts First all black army unit Battle of Ft. Wagner – defeat Secession ruled illegal Disagreement with government does not allow for revolt