LECTURE THREE The American Civil War
The Union and the Confederacy Urbanized North able to produce supplies necessary to wage war Used the railroad to send troops and supplies to the battle fields Total war- all industries and people devoted to supporting the war effort More rural South had skillful and experienced military leaders, such as General Robert E. Lee.
Advantage of the Telegraph Using Morse Code messages could be sent in minutes 50 thousand miles telegraph wires Commutation becomes almost instant Allowed Lincoln to give orders directly to the officers on the front lines
B. The Anaconda Plan 1.Starve the South into submission 2.South hoped to wait out the war 3.Stalemate- no progress made on either side 4.New weapons and limited medical care = high number of casualties. 1.Bullets reshaped with grooves to make them fly straight
The Battle of Antietam and New Medicine Antietam 6,000 killed 17,000 wounded (4 times as many as D-Day in WWII) Massive defeat for the South British find new source for cotton and pull out support for the South Amputation New way to treat injury so a soldier will survive Women join the front lines as nurses
1863 Emancipation Proclamation The Emancipation Proclamation freed all slaves in rebelling areas News spreads quickly because of the telegraph Lincoln- slaves should be treated as full citizens African Americans rush to enlist Did the Emancipation proclamation really free any southern slaves? Redefined the war -“about slavery.” No longer considered an issue over states rights
New Technology Photography For the first time Americans can see photos of battles Printed in news papers
Troubles at Home Lincoln suspended habeas corpus to deal with dissent Expands the size of the army Enacted a draft Riots in protest of the draft (New York) Puts a blockade on the South The South was struggling with severe inflation
Gettysburg Ulysses S. Grant split Confederate territory Confederates were defeated at Gettysburg 50,000 died Robert E. Lee forced to retreat Union now has control of the Mississippi river Lincoln gave Gettysburg Address Civil war was a test for the world to determine how long a democracy could last
F. War’s End Sherman March: 400- mile march of “total war” 2.April 9, 1865-Lee surrenders at Appomattox Courthouse 3.Massive losses/minimal retribution
G. War’s Results 1.In North, Civil War modernized society by encouraging agricultural and industrial growth 2.South was in shambles-much of its agriculture was destroyed