Section 1: From Bull Run to Antietam

 The first shots fired on Fort Sumter, South Carolina, in April 1861 signaled the start of the nation’s ________.  War between the ________states of the North and the ________states of the South.

 AKA Battle of ________  Lincoln ordered the Union headed by Gen. ________into action  July 16- marched the ________prepared army into ________  His objective was the town of ________,important railroad junction

 Opposed by smaller confederate force under (Pierre Gustave Toutant)P.G.T. ________.  Because of ________delays, Beauregard was able to strengthen his army (11,000 men added)

 ________attacked on July 21 st  ________refused to give up  Led by Thomas “________” Jackson  Reinforced by more troops  Sides  ________ troops on each side  ________2,900 casualties ________2,000s  Won by the ________in July 1861.

 North (Strengths)  ________

 South, Confederates (Strengths)  ________

 After the fall of ________, Lincoln ordered a naval blockade of the ________states  Hoped to keep the ________from shipping its ________to Europe & prevent them from ________goods  Plan was to use troops & gunboats to gain control of the ________& cut off the ________  Named the ________Plan

 Souths basic plan was to ________ & ________ (defensive war)  War of attrition  DEFINE Confederate War Strategies

 More successful for the ________  Southern planters stopped exporting ________  Sudden loss would cause ________& ________to help the south gain its independence  failed

 Feb ________advanced south along the Tennessee River  These forts were important water routes into the western Confed.  Feb. 6– ________gunboats pounded Ft ________into surrender & a few days later Ft Donelson did too

 In April 1862 General ________army was encamped along the Tennessee River just north of the Mississippi border  poised to strike a blow into the heartland of the South. Grant had been at this location for about a month, awaiting the arrival of additional troops under General Buell before he began his march southward.  Twenty miles to the south, in Corinth, Mississippi, Confederate General Albert Sidney Johnston ordered his troops northward with the plan of attacking Grant before Buell arrived.  The stage was set for one of the Civil War's bloodiest battles.

 Buell's reinforcements finally arrived during the night as did forces under ________, strengthening the Union lines with 22,500 fresh troops.  With the break of dawn, Grant attacked, pushing the exhausted Confederates steadily back until they finally began a retreat in the early afternoon that left the field to the Union forces.  The confrontation had been a slaughter on both sides.  Corpses littered areas of the battlefield to the extent that, as General Grant described, "it would have been possible to walk across the clearing in any direction stepping on dead bodies without a foot touching the ground." Nearly 100,000 troops had faced each other and almost 24,000 ended as casualties. This horrendous outcome was a wake-up call to the nation announcing that the continuing war would be costly for both sides.

 April 7 th- Union reinforcement arrived overnight  Defeated the ________  Casualties  Union 13,000/Confederacy 11,000 including Johnston  Bloodiest single battle- destroyed Northern hopes that war would soon be over

 May 1862  ________landed near Norfolk trying to capture ________  Strengths- ________  Weakness- ________

 Transported 100,000 troops to a peninsula southeast of Richmond  McClellan asked for more ________  Despite urging from Lincoln to act, he didn’t  Waited outside ________for one month

 May 31 st ________suddenly attacked  Although the ________claimed victory at the Battle of Seven Pines, both sides suffered casualties.

 With ________forces still threatening Richmond  ________pretended to prepare for an attack on Washington  ________cancelled the orders for McClellan’s additional troops to protect the capital

 Jackson then joined Lee outside Richmond & attacked McClellan called the ________  (________Victory)

 Gen. ________was put in overall command (north)  Lee divided his army & sent Jackson north in a sweeping movement around Pope’s position  Struck behind Pope’s army & destroyed supplies

 ________ordered an attack on Jackson while Lee attacked  ________victory & McClellan was returned to command

 Outcome:  The result of the battle was inconclusive but the north did win a strategic advantage. 23,100 casualties.  Significance of the Battle of Antietam:  The Battle of Antietam forced the ________Army to retreat back across the Potomac River.  ________day of the Civil War.