Race, Segregation and Citizenship QT 89-96

Keep in Mind What would have happened to your family back in the day? Exactly what does it mean to be a citizen? Would you have been able to fulfill your responsibilities? C1 PO2c, C2 PO4b&c, C3 PO2

Privileges and Immunities “The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several States”. Article 4 Section 2 Clause 1 P&I Clause ensures citizens will be treated equally from state to state. When one state acknowledges a civil right, the P & I clause is used to ratchet up the pressure on other states to recognize the same right. – Women’s suffrage – Desegregation – Gay Marriage (in process)

Segregation Segregation is a legal separation based on an observable trait or legal status It is usually involuntary on the part of one party Race Gender Language Religion Caste

A Word about “Race” Genetic RelationshipMigration Relationship

Viola Grace Reimers B 2008 Phoenix AZ – 36% English – 28% German – 8% Native American – 6% African American – 6% Jewish – 6% Swedish – 10% other European

Rebecca Reimers B 1975 Chicago IL – 16% Native American – 12% African American – 12% Jewish – 12% Swedish – 12% German – 12% English – 6% French – 18% Other European

Timothy McCoy B 1946 Chicago IL – 32% Native American – 24% African American – 12% German – 12% English – 20% other European

Adock William McCoy B 1912 Hot Springs AR Approximate “Races” 30% Native American 30% African American 15% English 5% Scottish

Andeis McCoy B 1885 Malvern AR Approximate “Races” 60% African American 15% Native American 35% English Andeis father was born enslaved (1849 AR)

Arizona Numbers 1910 Census – 204,000 total residents 2010 Census – 6,392,000 total residents

Last 10 Years Demographics 2000 US Census – 77% Caucasian – 4.5% Native – 3.6% African – 2.6% Asian – 30% Hispanic (all races) 2010 US Census 72% Caucasian 4.6% Native 4.1% African 2.8% Asian 30% Hispanic (all races)

Phoenix Union High All White High School ’s Closed in 1982

Senior Class 1903

Phoenix Indian School "It's cheaper to educate Indians than to kill them." --Indian Commissioner Thomas Morgan speaking at the establishment of the Phoenix Indian School in 1891

Assimilation

Chinese Arizona

Carver High Black High school

Betty Fairfax

Hispanics Pre-Statehood Hispanics in Arizona were mostly “criollo” (descendants of Spaniards) After the Mexican Revolution (1910’s), more metizos and indios start to move to El Norte

Citizenship Citizen is a legal designation, implying a level of rights in exchange for performance of civic duties In the USA, there are three paths to citizenship. Jus Sanguinus- Citizenship through the blood. If one parent is a citizen, the child is automatically a citizen. Jus Soli- Citizenship through birth on the soil. Even if both parents are NOT citizens, those born in USA territory are citizens Naturalization – Citizenship through adoption or other recognized government process

The Saga of Angelina Jolie Born 1975 in Los Angeles, CA Won Oscar 1991 Married to Brad Pitt What kind of citizen?

Jolie Family Shiloh Jolie-Pitt born 2006 in Swakopmund, Namibia Twins Knox Leon and Vivienne Marcheline born 2008 in Nice, France What kind of citizens?

Jolie Family Maddox adopted from Cambodia (2002) Zahara adopted from Ethiopia (2005) Pax adopted from Vietnam (2003) What kind of citizens?

Back in the day, thing were different The Jolie-Pitt family is an excellent example of a post-modern American family In the 1990’s about 10,000,000 people immigrated legally to the USA Since 1986, somewhere between million people have become undocumented immigrants in the USA Even in Arizona, things were very different for some citizens compared to others

Summary How should citizenship be defined for th 21 st century?