Naming Salts, state symbols and writing equations

State Symbols (s) = Solid (l) = Liquid (g) = gas (aq) = aqueous (dissolved in water) State symbols are used to show the state of compounds and elements in symbols equations.

General Equations 1) metal + acid  salt + hydrogen 2) metal oxide + acid  salt + water 3) metal hydroxide + acid  salt + water 4) metal carbonate + acid  salt + water + carbon dioxide

Naming Salts There are two parts to naming salts 1. The name of the metal 2. The ending from the acid E.g. Potassium Chloride (Metal + ending from acid)

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) Type of salt Hydrochloric acid (HCl) Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) Nitric acid (HNO3) Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4)

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) Type of salt Hydrochloric acid (HCl) Chloride (Cl-) Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) Nitric acid (HNO3) Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4)

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) Type of salt Hydrochloric acid (HCl) Chloride (Cl-) Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) Sulfate (SO42-) Nitric acid (HNO3) Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4)

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) Type of salt Hydrochloric acid (HCl) Chloride (Cl-) Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) Sulfate (SO42-) Nitric acid (HNO3) Nitrate (NO3-) Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4)

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) Type of salt Hydrochloric acid (HCl) Chloride (Cl-) Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) Sulfate (SO42-) Nitric acid (HNO3) Nitrate (NO3-) Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4) Phosphate (PO43-)

Naming Salts Metal/base/alkali Acid Salt Aluminium Nitric Acid Aluminium Nitrate Magnesium carbonate Sulfuric acid Sodium hydroxide Hydrochloric acid Lithium oxide Task: Try to complete the names for the other salts in the table

Metal/base/alkali Acid Aluminium Nitric Acid Aluminium Nitrate Magnesium carbonate Sulfuric acid Magnesium Sulfate Sodium hydroxide Hydrochloric acid Sodium Chloride Lithium oxide Lithium Sulfate

Examples – Word Equations magnesium + nitric acid  magnesium nitrate + hydrogen Metal Ending from Acid copper oxide + sulfuric acid  copper sulfate + water Metal Ending from Acid

Examples – Word Equations sodium hydroxide + hydrochloric acid  sodium chloride + water sodium carbonate + Nitric acid  sodium nitrate + water + carbon dioxide

Writing Formulae of Salts There are two sections: 1. The symbol and the charge of the metal 2. The symbol and the charge of the ending from the acid

Charge on metal ions Using the periodic table: All group 1 metals = +1 charge All group 2 metals = +2 charge All group 3 metals = +3 charge If the metal is shown with a Roman numeral after its name, that is its charge i.e. Iron (III) = Fe3+ Copper (II) = Cu2+

The ending from the acid Chloride = Cl- = -1 charge Sulphate = SO42- = -2 charge Nitrate = NO3- = -1 charge Phosphate = PO43- = -3 charge

Cross over rule Sodium sulphate Na SO4 Charges +1 -2 Cross Over charges (ignore +/-) 2 1 This shows that you need 2 sodiums for every 1 sulphate Formula Na2SO4

Example 2 Magnesium Chloride Mg Cl Charges +2 -1 Cross Over charges (ignore +/-) 1 2 This shows that you need 1 magnesium for every 2 chlorides Formula MgCl2

Examples – Word and Symbol Equations sodium hydroxide sodium nitrate Nitric Acid + + water Na OH H NO3 Na NO3 + H2O (H OH) + Metal Ending from Acid Salt

Examples – Word and Symbol Equations Sulphuric Acid magnesium sulphate magnesium + + hydrogen Mg + H2 SO4 H2 Mg SO4 + Ending from Acid Metal Salt