“O TRĪS” Ltd, Juris Brūveris www.ozonalietas.lv January, 2013

Ozone in nature Why sky looks blue? Ozone is naturally produced by ultra-violet rays from the Sun and lightning-based corona discharge. These two methods account for nearly all natural ozone creation on Earth. Why sky looks blue?

Ozone Formation via Corona Discharge An electrical discharge (a spark) splits an oxygen molecule into two oxygen atoms. (Electrical discharge is also referred to as corona discharge.) These unstable oxygen atoms combine with other oxygen molecules. This combination forms ozone.

Ozone Generators use the Same Methods Oxygen is forced between high voltage plates to simulate corona discharge. The oxygen is broken apart and recombines into ozone

Ozone Generator construction Scheme AMBIENT AIR INPUT OZONE OUTPUT AIR FILTER VENTILATOR HIGH VOLTAGE

Ozone and Oxygen Properties Property Ozone Oxygen Molecular Weight 48 32 Color light blue colorless Smell smell after lightning storms odorless Solubility in water(0oC) 0.64 0.049 Density (g/l) 2.144 1.429 Oxidizing Potential (Volts) 2.07 1.23 Ozone is one of the most powerful oxidants used in water & air applications.

Typical Ozone half-life Gaseous Temperature (C) Half-life -50 3 months -35 18 days -25 8 days 20 3 days 120 1.5 hours 250 1.5 seconds Dissolved in Water Temperature (C) Half-life 15 30 minutes 20 20 minutes 25 15 minutes 30 12 minutes 35 8 minutes

Oxidizing Potential of Various Reagents Ozone 2.07 Hydrogen Peroxide 1.77 Permanganate 1.67 Chlore 1.36 Oxygen 1.23

Effect of Ozone on Bacteria 1. A healthy bacillus bacterial cell 4. A newly created hole in the cell wall has injured the bacterium. 5. The bacterium begins to loose its shape while ozone molecules continue creating holes in the cell wall. 2. An ozone molecule (blue) comes into contact with the cell wall 3. As ozone molecules make contact with the cell wall, a reaction called an oxidative burst occurs which literally creates a tiny hole in the cell wall. 6.After thousands of ozone collisions over only a few seconds, the bacterial wall can no longer maintain its shape and the cell dies

Ozone Compatible Materials Theoretical rating (Cole Parmer) Stainless steel Excelent Aluminum Good Bronze Nitrila Not recommended Cooper Metal Natural rubber Neilone Polycarbonate Polypropelene Teflon PVC Silicone Zinc

Ozone Odor Destruction Ozone reacts with a foreign odor to change is composition so it is no longer the same odor. A new molecule is formed but this new molecule is typically less odorous that the original one. When ozone makes contact with the odor molecule, the odor is destroyed, but so is the ozone molecule. Stronger odors mean more odor molecules present - therefore more ozone is also needed.

Ozone Readily Destroys the Following Odors: musty (molds) odor; smoke odor, after fire odor; “sick house sindrom”; pet odord; fecal odors; cooking odors; medicamente use odors; urine odors. NB! Ozone will not mask odors - It destroys them!

Advantages of Ozone Ozone is the strongest oxidant and disinfectant available for the treatment of aqueous solutions and gaseous mixtures. Although ozone is only partially soluble in water, it is sufficiently soluble and stable such that its oxidation or disinfectant properties can be fully utilized. After ozone oxidizes or disinfects, it decomposes into oxygen. Ozone reacts with a large variety of organic compounds resulting in oxygen-containing organic by-products. Although ozone is the strongest oxidizing agent commercially available, it is safe to handle. The primary reason is that it cannot be stored and, therefore must be generated and used on-site. Ozone in its gaseous phase is a proven deodorizer for a variety of odorous materials. In treating potable water, wastewater, and landfill leachate, ozone has the proven ability to convert biorefractory organic materials to biodegradable materials. As a result, combining ozone oxidation with subsequent biological treatment can produce water or wastewater with lower concentrations of problematic organic compounds more cost-effectively than either process used individually. Applying ozone to any medium (liquid or gaseous) does not add other chemicals. Ozone, by itself, does not affect pH (ozone can oxidize the contaminants which are causing a pH adjustment)

Ķīmiski brīvi risinājumi zaļai dzīvei Ltd. “O Trīs” www.ozonalietas.lv Juris Brūveris - Member of Board E-mail: juris.bruveris@ozonalietas.lv Phone: +371 29223654