Chapter 23 Table of Contents Section 1 The Cardiovascular System Circulation and Respiration Table of Contents Section 1 The Cardiovascular System Section 2 Blood Section 3 The Lymphatic System Section 4 The Respiratory System Header – dark yellow 24 points Arial Bold Body text – white 20 points Arial Bold, dark yellow highlights Bullets – dark yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Chapter 23 Section 1 The Cardiovascular System Objectives List four main parts of the cardiovascular system, and describe their functions. Describe the two types of circulation of blood in the body. List four cardiovascular problems. Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Your Cardiovascular System Chapter 23 Section 1 The Cardiovascular System Your Cardiovascular System The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and the three types of blood vessels that carry blood throughout your body. The blood vessels—arteries, capillaries, and veins—carry blood pumped by the heart. Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Chapter 23 Section 1 The Cardiovascular System The Heart Cardiac Muscle Your heart is an organ made mostly of cardiac muscle tissue. It is about the size of your fist and is almost in the center of your chest cavity. Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Chapter 23 Section 1 The Cardiovascular System Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Chapter 23 Section 1 The Cardiovascular System Blood Vessels Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart and to the body’s organs. Capillaries are tiny blood vessels that allow the exchange between body cells and blood. Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Blood Vessels, continued Chapter 23 Section 1 The Cardiovascular System Blood Vessels, continued Veins are blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart. Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Two Types of Circulation Chapter 23 Section 1 The Cardiovascular System Two Types of Circulation Pulmonary circulation is the flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart through the pulmonary arteries, capillaries, and veins. Systemic circulation is the flow of blood from the heart to all parts of the body and back to the heart. Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Chapter 23 Section 1 The Cardiovascular System Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Cardiovascular Problems Chapter 23 Section 1 The Cardiovascular System Cardiovascular Problems Atherosclerosis happens when cholesterol builds up inside of the blood vessels. Artherosclerosis is a major cause of heart diseases. Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Cardiovascular Problems, continued Chapter 23 Section 1 The Cardiovascular System Cardiovascular Problems, continued High Blood Pressure Hypertension is abnormally high blood pressure. The higher the blood pressure, the greater the risk of a heart attack, heart failure, kidney disease, and stroke. Heart Attacks and Heart Failure A heart attack happens when heart muscle cells die and part of the heart muscle is damaged. Heart failure happens when the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs. Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Chapter 23 Objectives Identify the four main components of blood. Section 2 Blood Objectives Identify the four main components of blood. Describe three functions of blood. Explain how blood pressure is measured. Explain what the ABO blood types are and why they are important. Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Chapter 23 Section 2 Blood What Is Blood? Blood is a connective tissue that carries gases, nutrients, and wastes through the body. Plasma is the fluid part of blood. It is a mixture of water, minerals, nutrients, sugars, proteins, and other substances. Red Blood Cells Most blood cells are red blood cells (RBCs). RBCs take oxygen to every cell in your body. Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

What Is Blood?, continued Chapter 23 Section 2 Blood What Is Blood?, continued Platelets are pieces of larger cells found in bone marrow. When you cut yourself, platelets help blood clot. Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

What Is Blood?, continued Chapter 23 Section 2 Blood What Is Blood?, continued White Blood Cells (WBCs) help keep you healthy by destroying pathogens. WBCs also help clean wounds. WBCs also keep you healthy by destroying body cells that have died or been damaged. Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Body Temperature Regulation Chapter 23 Section 2 Blood Body Temperature Regulation Your blood does more than supply your cells with oxygen and nutrients. It also helps regulate your body temperature. Blood Pressure The force exerted by blood on the inside walls of arteries is called blood pressure. Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Chapter 23 Section 2 Blood Blood Types Every person has one of four blood types: A, B, AB, or O. Your blood type refers to the type of antigens you have on the surface of your RBCs. Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Blood Types and Transfusions Chapter 23 Section 2 Blood Blood Types and Transfusions A transfusion is the injection of blood or blood components into a person to replace blood that has been lost. Blood type is an important consideration of a blood transfusion. Type Can receive Can donate to A A, O A, AB B B, O B, AB AB all AB only O Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Chapter 23 Section 3 The Lymphatic System Objectives Describe the relationship between the lymphatic system and the circulatory system. Identify six parts of the lymphatic system, and describe their functions. Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Chapter 23 Section 4 The Respiratory System Objectives Describe the parts of the respiratory system and their functions. Explain how breathing happens. Discuss the relationship between the respiratory system and the cardiovascular system. Identify two respiratory disorders. Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Respiration and the Respiratory System Chapter 23 Section 4 The Respiratory System Respiration and the Respiratory System Respiration is the process by which a body gets and uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide and water. Breathing is only one part of respiration. The second part of respiration is cellular respiration, which involves chemical reactions that release energy from food. The respiratory system is the group of organs that take in oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide. Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Respiration and the Respiratory System, continued Chapter 23 Section 4 The Respiratory System Respiration and the Respiratory System, continued Nose, Pharynx, and Larynx Your nose is the main passageway into and out of the respiratory system. From the nose, air flows into the pharynx, or throat. The larynx is the part of the throat that contains the vocal chords. Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Respiration and the Respiratory System, continued Chapter 23 Section 4 The Respiratory System Respiration and the Respiratory System, continued Trachea The larynx guards the entrance to a large tube called the trachea, or windpipe. Bronchi and Alveoli The trachea splits into two branches called bronchi. One bronchus connects to each lung. In the lungs, each bronchus branches into bronchioles, which branch to form thousands of tiny sacs that are called alveoli. Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Respiration and the Respiratory System, continued Chapter 23 Section 4 The Respiratory System Respiration and the Respiratory System, continued Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Breathing and Cellular Respiration Chapter 23 Section 4 The Respiratory System Breathing Breathing is done by the diaphragm and rib muscles. The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle beneath the lungs. Breathing and Cellular Respiration In cellular respiration, oxygen is used by cells to release energy stored in molecules of glucose. When you breathe, you take in oxygen, which diffuses into red blood cells and is carried to tissue cells. Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Chapter 23 Chapter 5 Section 3 The Respiratory System Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Respiratory Disorders Chapter 23 Section 4 The Respiratory System Respiratory Disorders Respiratory disorders include asthma, emphysema, and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Asthma causes the bronchioles to narrow. An asthma attack may be triggered by irritants such as dust or pollen. SARS is caused by a virus. Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Chapter 23 Circulation and Respiration Concept Map Use the terms below to complete the concept map on the next slide. arteries cardiovascular system bronchi alveoli capillaries respiratory system cellular respiration blood Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Chapter 23 Circulation and Respiration Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Chapter 23 Circulation and Respiration Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.