BUILDING INCLUSIVE GROWTH AND LIVEABILITY IN AFRICAN CITIES HOW CAN CITIES PROMOTE SOCIAL INCLUSION, IMPROVE SHARED PROSPERITY AND ACCESSIBILITY TO SOCIO-ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES UNDP REGIONAL SERVICE CENTRE FOR AFRICA ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA May

DEFINITION OF URBAN City/urban area – how do we define urban areas? – inter-dependence of urban and rural areas  Population size  Administration demarcation  Share of non-agricultural activities  Socio-economic activity  Infrastructure

CONTEXT  AU Agenda Cities, peri-urban and rural communities are equipped with modern communication, sanitation, education and health facilities and are vibrant, dynamic market economies, people have access to affordable and decent housing including, housing finance together with all the basic necessities of life, and social capital is valued and preserved  SDG 16 – Promoting effective, accountable, inclusive institutions and ensuring responsive, participatory and representative decision-making.  SDG 11 – promoting resilience and sustainable cities –  Leaving no one and no city behind  Urban prosperity  Resilient cities, especially in cities emerging from conflict and other crises (Ebola)

CONTEXT UNDP – repurposing current thematic areas of work to incorporate an urbanizing world. Examples:  Transportation and Mobility Systems  Managing Risk and Investing in Resilience  role for municipal authorities and mayors as champions and facilitators of action rather than as administrators  New forms of governance that incorporate crises management  Working with diverse set of partners and stakeholders in addressing sustainable urbanization at the city level.

LIVEABLE CITIES IN AFRICA  Cape Town  Accra  Nairobi  Johannesburg  Gaborone  Libreville  Tunis  Dar es Salaam  Windhoek  Kigali  africa/ africa/ Livability is the ultimate goal for cities. To achieve livability, cities must be competitive, resilient, inclusive, and sustainable

CITY GLOBAL CITY RANKINGS Mercer (Feb 2016) - Durban, Cape Town, and Johannesburg rank 85th, 92nd, and 95th (Middle East and Africa)  Political and Economic and social environment  Socio-cultural and natural environment  Medical and health, education, Housing considerations  Public services, recreation and transport  Consumer goods Economist Intelligence Unit – Liveability Ranking (2015):  Stability  Health care  Culture and environment  Education  infrastructure There is no standardized criteria for measuring liveability of cities

CHALLENGES  Financial constraints  Capacities  Policy implementation and compliance with laws pertaining to urban planning and city management  Corruption in city management and service provision  Economic imbalances are growing world-wide:  Urban poverty and related service delivery challenges (cite a few cases with statistics)  disparities evident in income distribution and access to education, nutrition, and healthcare  Urban crime and security  National-city relations  conflict and crisis situations  Lack of implementation of decentralization policies, esp fiscal decentralization

LIVEABILITY - LIVEABILITY - INCLUSION Duality of cities in Africa – the economic divide and inequalities  Socio-economic opportunities – finance, employment, credit facilities, banks, diversification of economy, ease of doing business, tax regime, user fees and charges  Long-term finance for infrastructure development  City resilience: Using crises responses as an opportunity to set cities on a more resilient and sustainable urban growth trajectory  Policy and legislation : LED, different products and services for different city demographics  Absorptive capacity of cities – ability to attract and sustain capital and investments and create economic opportunities  Engaging citizens in seeking solutions to urban challenges

LIVEABILITY -SHARED PROSPERITY Leaving no one and no city behind. City ownership - who owns the city/urban space? Who’s an urban/city dweller?  Inclusive development – redistributive policies and mechanisms  Security – personal safety  Promotion of artistic talent and culture, including cuisine  Environmental management – clean air, clean energy, reduced carbon footprints, etc

LIVEABILITY - ACCESSIBILITY Proximity does not equal access  Affordability – differentiated service offers, service subsidies, inclusive policies  Accessibility to basic services (housing, water, roads, health services, schools, emergency services, etc)  Open city/urban governance - Responsive and inclusive city/urban planning and management system – transparency, accountability and reporting and feedback mechanisms, Youth voice and participation  Adoption of technology and innovation in service delivery – e-services/e-goverments

CONCLUSION  Inclusive Consultations and Coalition-Building  Long-term Visioning and Futures Analysis  Technical Analysis and City Development Planning  Capacity-Building and shared learning – knowledge management  Financing options, including improving efficiency in intergovernmental transfers