1 Intro to Fire Protection FRS Class 4: Public & Private Fire Protection Chapter 5 & 6

2 Introduction n Private National & International Fire Organizations n Federal Organizations n State Organizations n Local Organizations n Fire Department Resources

3 National & International Organizations n NFPA –What is the NFPA? n National Fire Protection Association –When and why was it formed? –What does the NFPA do? n Develop standards n Develop educational programs

4 National & International Organizations n ANSI –American National Standards Institute –Primary task is to establish standards for standards making organizations n Also develop some of their own standards

5 National & International Organizations n FIRESCOPE –Developed in California –Need to organize command & control of major wildfires –Developed the original ICS n CHEMTREC –Chemical Transportation Emergency Center n Provides advice on handling hazmats n Contacts shipper to get more help

6 National & International Organizations n BOCA –Building Officials and Code Administrators n Develops building codes n ISO –Insurance Services Offices n Association of insurers n Develop criteria for setting insurance rates n Grading system for FDs

7 National & International Organizations n Factory Mutual –Factory Mutual Engineering & Research Corp. –Conducts fire research –Provides consulting advice n Underwriters Laboratories –Provides testing of various materials to determine their compliance with recognized standards

8 National & International Organizations n IAFC n IAFF n IFSTA –International Fire Service Training Assn. n Affiliated with Oklahoma State University n Develop training programs

9 National & International Organizations n NIIMS –National Interagency Incident Management System –Developed by the National Wildfire Coordinating Group n Group of Federal Agencies that fight wildfires –Took Firescope ICS and built: n training programs & n a “credentialing system” around it n Note: NIMS

10 Federal Agencies n DHS n FEMA n USFA

11 Federal Agencies n OSHA n EPA n NIOSH –Assists OSHA thru research & educational programs –Conducts workplace safety & health evaluations –Now charged with investigating FF deaths

12 State Agencies n State Fire Marshal –Generally charged by law with enforcing the State Fire Code –Actual duties vary state to state n State Fire Training Academy n State Fire Chiefs Association** –not a State agency n State EMA

13 State Agencies n State Forestry n State OSHA n State EPA (DEM)

14 Local Agencies n Police n Building department n Water department n Street or highway (DPW) n Local EMA n END - Chapter 5

15 Fire Department Resources n What are the various parts of a typical fire department? n Headquarters n Automotive Repair n Training Center n Warehouse/Central Stores (Supply Room) n Dispatch Center (Fire Alarm) n Fire Stations n Apparatus n Personnel

16 Headquarters n What positions are typically assigned to headquarters? n What are the advantages of having the FD headquarters located at a fire station? n What are the disadvantages?

17 Headquarters n What are the tasks that must be accomplished by Headquarters staff? n Budgeting n Payroll n Personnel (including discipline) n Purchasing n Inventory control n Facility repairs n Planning n Collective Bargaining n Liaison with City/Town executive

18 Automotive Repairs n What are our options for maintaining our vehicles? –In house mechanics –Municipal mechanics –Regional facility –Contract out n Annual service agreement n Each service –Combination

19 Training n What facilities are needed? n Class room n Drill yard n Burn building/smoke house n Tower n Are lack of facilities the problem that limits the training we get? n Time n Overtime n Commitment from administration

20 Warehouse/Supplies n Need driven: –Supply closet –Supply room –Supply warehouse n What are our options?

21 Dispatch Center n Receive/process & dispatch calls n CAD systems n 911 –Calls go to central location (often police) –Routed to appropriate agency –Enhanced 911 n Caller’s location provided n Dispatch Office Staffing n Options

22 Stations n Locations & response times –NFPA 1710 n Upkeep & maintenance n Replacement –Phoenix - 30 years n Construction - incorporate –health & safety - NFPA 1500 –professionalism to public & members –inclusion of women in workforce

23 Apparatus n Pumpers - –NFPA 1901 –Triple Combination Pumper n Water tank n Pump n Hose bed n Tankers - –NFPA 1903 –Over 1500 gal. tank requires 3 axles n cf. Dual axle

24 Apparatus n Aerial - –NFPA 1904 n Brush units - –NFPA 1906

25 Apparatus n Quint –Pump –Water tank –Ground ladders –Hose bed –Aerial device n Squads

26 Pumps n 2 basic types –Centrifugal –Positive Displacement n Gear pumps (rotary gear) n Piston pumps n Diaphragm pumps

27 Centrifugal Pump

28

29 Centrifugal Pump Impellers

30 Pumps n Advantages of a centrifugal pump: –Pump can spin at high rate without moving any water –Can take advantage of any pressure coming in on the suction side –Can pump some degree of trash/dirty water w/o fouling n Disadvantages: –Cannot prime itself n requires use of a primer pump

31 Pumps n Advantages of a positive displacement pump: –Can prime itself –Requires no residual pressure n Disadvantages: –Cannot take advantage of residual pressure –Must constantly move water or it will break

32 Equipment n Hose –Cotton jacket rubber lined –Synthetic –Rubber (booster) –Hard suction n Should hard suction still be required in an urban environment?

33 Equipment n Nozzles –Solid bore –Combination nozzles n Straight stream n Fog –Automatic nozzles n Same reach at different pressures –Low pressure nozzles n Low back pressure nozzles

34 Equipment n Ladders –NFPA 1901 for pumpers requires n 14’ roof ladder n 24’ extension ladder n 8’ folding ladder n All ladders to be service tested annually

35 Equipment n Hand tools –NFPA standards specify what equipment must be carried (at a minimum) –Hand tools giving way to hydraulic or mechanically operated tools n Axes - saws n Irons - hyrdaforce –Work smarter not harder

36 PPE n Station work uniforms –Nomex, flamex, etc. –New standard: cotton n Structure fire PPE n PASS n Wildland PPE n EMS PPE