Chapter 41 The Child with an Infectious Disease Elsevier items and derived items © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Transmission of Pathogens  Direct contact with another infected person  Contact with animal or insect carriers  Ingestion of contaminated food or water  Contact with a contaminated object 2Elsevier items and derived items © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Vaccines  Active immunity occurs either naturally or through vaccine administration.  Live or attenuated  Killed or inactivated toxins  Human immune globulin  Animal serum or antitoxins  Under-served children may not receive vaccines. 3Elsevier items and derived items © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

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Infectious Disease Assessment  Thorough history  Recent exposure  Environmental causes  Documentation of lesions  Child's temperature  Any associated signs and symptoms 5Elsevier items and derived items © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Types of Infectious Disease  Viral infections  Bacterial infections  Fungal infections  Rickettsial infections  Borrelia infections  Helminths  Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) 6Elsevier items and derived items © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Viral Exanthems  Rubeola (measles)  Rubella (German measles)  Fifth disease (parvovirus B19)  Roseola infantum  Enterovirus infection (Coxsackievirus)  Varicella-zoster (chickenpox)  Herpes zoster 7Elsevier items and derived items © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

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Other Viral Infections  Mumps  Cytomegalovirus (CMV)  Epstein-Barr virus (mononucleosis)  Rabies 14Elsevier items and derived items © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Question Varicella-zoster (chicken pox) lesions are best described as __________. A. papules B. macules C. petechiae D. vesicles 15Elsevier items and derived items © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Bacterial Infections  Pertussis (whooping cough)  Scarlet fever  Methicillin-resistant staph aureus (MRSA)  Clostridium difficile  Neonatal sepsis 16Elsevier items and derived items © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

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Rare Viral and Bacterial Infections  Rarely seen as many of these diseases have been eliminated by vigorous immunization programs  Variola (smallpox)  Poliomyelitis  Diphtheria 18Elsevier items and derived items © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

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Other Infections  Fungal  Rickettsial  Rocky Mountain spotted fever  Borrelia  Lyme disease  Relapsing fever  Helminths  Worms 20Elsevier items and derived items © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

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Sexually Transmitted Diseases  STDs can be transmitted to neonates during delivery.  Children who acquire STDs should be evaluated for sexual abuse.  Abstinence is the only 100% effective way to prevent STDs. 23Elsevier items and derived items © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.