Styles/Techniques/Features—Source 5 Octagonal Capital moved to Baghdad-all architects had different style methods Eventually everybody agreed upon one main style Architects experimented with other styles for a long time in order to create the Islamic one S1S1

Styles/Techniques/Features—Source 3 History of Islam influenced architectural styles 10 different main styles: –Ottoman –Persian –Afro-Islam –Indo-Islamic –Moorish S2S2

Styles/Techniques/Features—Source 3 –Timurid –Fatimid –Mamluk –Meghal Even more divided into: –Mosque –Palace –Fort S3S3

Styles/Techniques/Features—Source 3 –Tomb Main elements: –Traditional and modern designs to help beautify domes, minarets, portals –Equal amount of emphasis on interior and exterior parts of building –Repetitive patterns, symmetry S4S4

Styles/Techniques/Features—Source 3 –Mihrab is a prayer carved into the inner part of the building wall –It tells which way the holy Mecca is –Uses Islamic Calligraphy because human and animal images are forbidden S5S5

Styles/Techniques/Features—Source 6 Styles influenced from India and Roman Empire Usually associated with mosques, cultural centers, Muslim schools and prayer rooms Styles and forms: –Hypostyle of mosques –Hypostyle uses quadrilateral form and has a central courtyard S6S6

Styles/Techniques/Features—Source 6 –Still used today –“four-iwan” style typical (especially Iran) –Used with iwans—indents in the exterior of buildings –Direction of Mecca indicated by largest iwan and a mihrab –Minarets—tower used by the themuezzin calling to prayer S7S7

Styles/Techniques/Features—Source 6 –Arabesque—forms used in order to fill empty space on walls –Arabic calligraphy—same as arabesque Influenced by work done in Arabian Peninsula (time of prophet) Different styles of architecture then: –Greek –Roman S8S8

Styles/Techniques/Features—Source 6 –Byzantine –Zoroastian Persian Muslim architects influenced by other counties: –Arch forms from Greco-Roman cultures –Botanical depictions from Persians –Dome forms from Byzantines S9S9

Styles/Techniques/Features—Source 6 Arab architecture based on Medieval styles Always used traditional forms of architecture until recently Mosques from Ottoman Empire portray a dome-focused style and each of the four corners have a slender minaret S10

Styles/Techniques/Features—Source 6 Muslim architecture influenced by Hindu styles Bulbous domes and lots of marble were first mainly used during the Mughal Empire Taj Mahal big example of these features Marble used for only expensive and important parts of buildings Red sandstones most common building material S11

Famous Buildings and their Architects—Source 3 Famous buildings: –Dome of Rock (Jerusalem) –Great Mosque (Tunisia) –Great Mosque of Samarra (Iraq) –Hagia Sophia (Instanbul) –Taj Mahal (India) S12

Famous Buildings and their Architects—Source 3 Greatest forms: –T-type mosques –Ancient Abbasid buildings –Central dome mosques Empire broke up into separate pieces, each ruler wanted their own mosque Fatimids built Al-Azhar mosque in Cairo S13

Famous Buildings and their Architects—Source 3 Almohads built Alhambra palace in Granada, Spain Ottoman sultan built Istanbul palace Istanbul palace was the last main Islamic building built before 1500 AD One of the 1 st mosques built was the Dome of Rock Other great mosques: S14

Famous Buildings and their Architects—Source 3 Other great mosques: –Kairouan –Cordoba Mosques were to Islamics as churches as to Christians S15

Famous Buildings and their Architects—Source 6 “The oil booms of the 20 th Century enabled a marriage modernist and postmodernist forms and traditional elements.” Ex. Dubai’s Burj Khalifa tower (appears modern, based on design of desert flower) S16

Different Styles of Architecture in Different Countries—Source 3 Persia and India use bright colors Arabia uses light colored sandstones and grey stones S17

Different Styles of Architecture in Different Countries—Source 6 Southwest used a lot of traditional African features instead of Arabic Ex. In the Sahel minarets are gone and mosques use “a distinct mud brick with protruding wooden beams.” S18

Different Styles of Architecture in Different Countries—Source 6 Architects used limited palate (unlike architecture to the East) Used gray and brown stone to represent “the harsh desert regions” Focused on geometrical forms rather than color Always used traditional forms of architecture until recently S19

Different Styles of Architecture in Different Countries—Source 6 Persia, Azerbaijani, Central Asia uses bright colors but still keeps Arab motifs S20