Ca 2+ ‐ independent insulin exocytosis induced by α ‐ latrotoxin requires latrophilin, a G protein ‐ coupled receptor by Jochen Lang, Yuri Ushkaryov, Alfonso.

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Ca 2+ ‐ independent insulin exocytosis induced by α ‐ latrotoxin requires latrophilin, a G protein ‐ coupled receptor by Jochen Lang, Yuri Ushkaryov, Alfonso Grasso, and Claes B. Wollheim EMBO J. Volume 17(3): February 1, 1998 ©1998 by European Molecular Biology Organization

α ‐ Latrotoxin induces insulin release in INS ‐ 1 cells. Jochen Lang et al. EMBO J. 1998;17: ©1998 by European Molecular Biology Organization

Concentration dependence of α ‐ LTX effects on insulin secretion in different clonal cell lines in the presence or absence of extracellular Ca2+. Jochen Lang et al. EMBO J. 1998;17: ©1998 by European Molecular Biology Organization

α ‐ LTX binds to INS ‐ 1 cells and primary β ‐ cells. Jochen Lang et al. EMBO J. 1998;17: ©1998 by European Molecular Biology Organization

α ‐ LTX induces exocytosis in pre ‐ permeabilized INS ‐ 1 cells. Jochen Lang et al. EMBO J. 1998;17: ©1998 by European Molecular Biology Organization

α ‐ LTX does not alter cytosolic Ca2+ or membrane potential. Jochen Lang et al. EMBO J. 1998;17: ©1998 by European Molecular Biology Organization

Sensitivity to α ‐ LTX correlates with expression of latrophilin, but not of synaptotagmin or neurexin. Jochen Lang et al. EMBO J. 1998;17: ©1998 by European Molecular Biology Organization

Transient expression of latrophilin in HIT ‐ T15 cells confers α ‐ LTX ‐ sensitive insulin release. Jochen Lang et al. EMBO J. 1998;17: ©1998 by European Molecular Biology Organization