Part One PRICING AND INSTITUTIONAL STRATEGIES TO MANAGE DEMAND MANAGING TRAVEL DEMAND TO MITIGATE CONGESTION donpeat.com

Road Map for the Series June 19 - Pricing and Institutional Strategies Introduction Pricing Strategies Institutional Strategies Infrastructure Strategies Operational Strategies Integration Schreffler

PRICING AND FINANCIAL STRATEGIES MANAGING TRAVEL DEMAND TO MITIGATE CONGESTION donpeat.com

Full Cost of Driving Source: Victoria Transport Policy Institute

European Pricing Examples LONDON STOCKHOLM Source: Stockholmsforsoket.se

European Pricing Example: London LONDON Congestion Charging Implemented Feb Uses Automated Numeric Plate Recognition (ANPR) cameras 21% reduction in cars entering the zone (2002 – 2006) 30% reduction in average delay 80% of peak period trips made by public transport Generates $240M in net revenue Most goes toward public transport (bus) Zone expanded to West End 2/07 Source: cclondon.com

European Pricing Examples Stockholm STOCKHOLM TRIAL 7 month trial (Jan – July 2006) Preceded by suburban bus parking and ride expansion Referendum in Sept 2006 Voted to continue as of Aug 2007 Source: Stockholmsforsoket.se

European Pricing STOCKHOLM 18 charging points Charge = $ $3.00 $9.00 maximum per day Average fee = $4.25 Uses ANPR cameras Transponders for vehicle ID Charge is a tax decision Annual revenue of $100M Laser Camera Antenna Source: Stockholmsforsoket.se and Trivector Traffic AB

-22 % passages in/out of congestion charging zone Crossings in/out of congestion charging zone 06:00 – 19:00 Source: Trivector Traffic AB

European Pricing STOCKHOLM Fulfillment of Objectives Reduce traffic volumes by 10-15% on the most congested roads Reduction of 20-25% Increase the average speed Travel times reduced 30-50%, except for E4/E20 Reduce emissions of pollutants harmful to human health and of carbon dioxide 14% reduction in city centre, 2.5% Stockholm County Improve the urban environment as perceived by Stockholm residents Difficult to measure Schreffler

Key Issues with Pricing Political and Public Acceptance London campaign promise to fix public transport Stockholm was legislative mandate Rome was driven by historic preservation Good Idea Bad Idea Stockholm Public Opinion Source: Trivector Traffic AB

Key Issues with Pricing Ease of Payment No toll booths Electronic payment possible In-person at convenience stores Stockholm was required to treat charge as a tax decision Source: cclondon.com

Key Issues with Pricing Use of the Revenue Systems recoup installation costs in a few years London generates $420M; $180M to operate Largest share goes toward public transit improvements Also funding bicycle, walk and TDM initiatives Source: Stockholmsforsoket.se and Hull

Other Pricing Strategies TRUCK TOLLING IN GERMANY Initiated in Jan 2005 Covers major highways Focus on east-west shipping Applies to trucks of 12 metric tons or more Toll is $ $0.19 per kilometer Payment by OBU (80%), internet or kiosk Generated $3.5B in first year Impact: 15% fewer empty trucks; 7% switch to rail Source: toll-collect.de

Other Pricing Strategies FINANCIAL INCENTIVES – Amsterdam Ring Road Reconstruction of beltway around Amsterdam Comprehensive TDM program, including –Free transit pass “mobility card” for 30,000 area employees –Outreach campaign –Personal travel advice service –Camera images at major interchanges on website –Shuttle to rail station –Reduced parking cost at rail park-and-ride lots –Free use of bikes from rail station Increased transit share from 23% to 42% Decreased car share from 61% to 42% Rail share up even after reconstructed roads opened Source: Optimum2

National Initiatives UK –Feasibility study for national system –Technology ready within 10 years –Planning GPS mileage-based pilot THE NETHERLANDS –National policy calls for “paying for mobility” –Two phase pilots: cordon and distance-based –Reason: to restructure taxation Source: thetollroads.com

INSTITUTIONAL AND FACILITATIVE STRATEGIES MANAGING TRAVEL DEMAND TO MITIGATE CONGESTION donpeat.com

Institutional and Facilitative Strategies New Ways to Institutionalize Demand Management New Partnerships Travel Planning Coordination National Policies

New Partnerships: Rome Public/Private Transit Delivery in Rome ATAC/STA – Mobility Agency for Rome Limited public corporation Transit and traffic together Outsource service delivery Services and Features Monitored schedule reliability Info by cell phone Carsharing METREBUS pass (transit and parking) Collective taxis Source: ATAC

New Partnerships Public/Private Traveler Information Partnerships in the Netherlands Information collected by providers Processed by regional TMCs Distributed by 15 private vendors Example of partnership: SWINGH (Working Together in the Greater Hague Region) Consortium of info sources and transport providers Real-time traffic info Incident management Park-and-ride Transit Collective taxis Source: ATAC Source: SWINGH

Travel Planning Worksite Trip Reduction Programs Managing Demand at New Developments School Travel Plans (Safe Routes to School) Special Events and Tourism Campaigns and Individualized Marketing Source: Schreffler

Travel Planning School Travel Planning and Programs Reduce impact of cars on schools Address health of students Address safety concerns of parents Assist employees with commute Strategies: School travel plans (UK = every school) Site improvements (safety) Safe routes to school - 5 elements: education, encouragement, enforcement, engineering and evaluation Walking bus Source: Saferoutesinfo.org

Travel Planning Special Events Pre-trip information Strategic road restrictions Shuttles to or within venue Parking management Example: Subiaco Oval - Perth Combined soccer and transit ticket Carpool parking discounts ($1 less per passenger over three) Visitor parking passes for residents Has solved parking issues on game days Sources:

Travel Planning Educational Campaigns and Individualized Marketing General public marketing campaigns Bike to work week Car Free day Transit and carpool campaigns Travel awareness (Europe) Individualized travel planning One-on-one travel assistance Household travel planning Goals: increase awareness, willingness to change, and travel behavior change Sources: goodgoing.co.uk, dft.gov.uk, travelsmart.vic.gov.au

Coordination Transport Forums for Major Generators Developed in UK for airports Set targets for reducing car Identify strategies to achieve reduction Oversee implementation Example: Heathrow Area Transport Forum Surface Access Strategy New partnerships formed Employee bus pass Carpool matching Results: SOV  78% (’92) to 70% (’04) Source: Alastair Duff and BAA

Coordination Delivery Schemes Consolidated deliveries to congested area (staging and shared delivery) Coordinate delivery times and locations to city center (e.g., START - Bristol/DHL) Allow for package pick-up at key locations rather than at home (e.g., collect-point location or park-and-lot in UK) Source: CIVITAS-Initiative and collectpoint,com

Coordination Demand Management and Clean Fuels Use of clean vehicles for shared ride modes (carpool, vanpool, shuttle, transit) and deliveries Allowance of clean vehicles in HOV lanes Parking discounts for clean vehicles Development of electric bicycles (China) and motor-scooters (Italy) CIVITAS Initiative (E.U.) Integrating “hard” technology” solutions and “soft” policy measures in 36 pilot cities: cleaner and better transport in cities Source: civitas-initiative.org and ngvontario.com

Coordination Traffic Management Center Coordinate operation of roadway system Coordination between operators, providers, and safety officials Respond to incidents Manage traffic data Benefits include: Comprehensive traveler information Faster response times System efficiencies via coordination Cost savings via pooled resources Source: AVV and Rijkswaterstaat

National Initiatives - Policies Dutch “New Mobility” Policy - aims to link spatial planning with transport policy and environmental protection. Performance goal: 95% of road trips to be “on-time” Peak hour travel times should be only 1.5X free flow times (2.0X in urban areas). England’s Performance Monitoring Policy - make travel times more reliable, assure customer-oriented focus. Performance goal: reduce travel time for the worst 10% of congested trips Swedish Four Stage Principle - Road measure should be analyzed in the following order: 1.Measures which affect the demand for transport and the choice of modes of transport 2.Measures that give more efficient utilization of the existing road network 3.Road improvement measures 4.New investment and major rebuilding measures Source: AVV and Rijkswaterstaat

Resources Congestion Pricing: London Congestion Charging: Stockholm Trial: Parking Pricing:

Resources TMAs: Worksite Trip Reduction: Site Development: School Travel: Special Events: CIVITAS: