Prejudice & Discrimination Heuristics to Hate

Social CategoriesStereotypesPrejudice Discrimination Prejudice & Discrimination COGNITIVEAFFECTIVEBEHAVIORAL

Cognition Naïve Scientist vs. Cognitive Miser

Cognition Social Categorization The process of forming categories of people based on their common attributes In-group The social group you perceive yourself to belonging to Out-group Any group other than the one you belong to, which perceive others belonging to

Minimal Groups When people are categorized into groups based on some “minimal” criteria Ultimate Attribution Error The tendency to make more favorable attributions about members of one’s own group than about members of other groups

Stereotypes Beliefs about social groups in terms of their traits or characteristics that they are perceived to share – Fast – Efficient – Inhibit Thought

Formation of Stereotypes Illusionary Correlation: The belief that two variables are associated with one another when little or no actual association exists Associative Meaning Shared Distinctiveness

Confirmation Bias

Stereotypes Out-group Homogeneity Effect The perception that out-group members are more similar to one another than members of one’s in-group In-group Homogeneity Effect: When small or minority groups compare themselves to the out- groups, they perceive themselves as being more uniform

Stereotype Threat The disturbing awareness among members of a negatively stereotyped group that any of their actions or characteristics that fit the stereotype may confirm it as a self-characterization

Stereotype Threat

Prejudice Negative attitudes toward the members of specific social groups

Prejudice as Affect Anger Guilt Disgust Fear & Envy Harm Avoidance Defensive Reactions EmotionAction

Types of Racism Old-Fashion Racism vs. Modern Racism Old-Fashion Racism vs. Modern Racism

TMT & Stereotypes

Discrimination Differential behaviors directed toward members of different social groups

Causes of Discrimination Threat to Self-Esteem Threat to Self-Esteem – Social Identity Theory Proposes that people are motivated to protect their social esteem

Causes of Discrimination Threat to Self-Esteem Competition for Resources – Realistic Group Conflict Theory Proposes that prejudice develops over competition for land, jobs, etc.

Robber’s Cave Experiment – Stage 1 Created In-groups – Stage 2 Instilled Intergroup Competition – Stage 3 Encouraged Intergroup Cooperation

Reducing Discrimination Inevitable Inevitable – Suggests that it is impossible to reverse this natural process

Reducing Discrimination Inevitable Inevitable Self-awareness & Self-regulation Self-awareness & Self-regulation Discrepant Response Discrepant-Associated Consequence

Reducing Discrimination Inevitable Inevitable Self-Awareness & Self-Regulation Self-Awareness & Self-Regulation Contact Contact

Contact Hypothesis 1.Equal Status 2.Sustained Contact 3.Intergroup Cooperation (Superordinate Goal) 4.Social Norms Favoring Equality