Ecological Principles for Natural Resource Management Objectives –Basic ecological principles that are important for understanding natural resources and their management Plant and ecosystem focus 1

2 Ecological Principles for Natural Resource Management Definitions –Natural resources –Natural resource management Renewable vs. nonrenewable Sustainable vs. non-sustainable

3 Ecological Principles for Natural Resource Management Definitions –Ecology –Ecological Hierarchy

4 Ecological Hierarchy Organisms (Individuals) Biosphere Ecosystems Communities Populations Landscapes Ecological Principles for Natural Resource Management

Ecological Hierarchy Landscapes (Individuals) 5 Ecological Principles for Natural Resource Management

6 Definitions –Ecosystem ecology –Ecosystem Biotic components Abiotic components Ecosystem Attributes

Ecological Principles for Natural Resource Management Spatial scales of Ecosystems 7

Ecological Principles for Natural Resource Management Ecosystem (and Soil) Development Ecosystem Development 8

Ecological Principles for Natural Resource Management Earth’s solar energy budget Over a year, Inputs ≈ Outputs Climate - Solar Radiation 9

Ecological Principles for Natural Resource Management Climate - Solar Radiation 10

Ecological Principles for Natural Resource Management Climate - Solar Radiation 11

13 Where is productivity highest? Lowest? What are the latitudinal patterns? Other patterns?

How do temperature patterns compare with those of NPP? 14

How do precipitation patterns compare with those of NPP? 15

Is temperature or precipitation a better predictor of NPP? 16

Ecological Principles for Natural Resource Management Climate - Ecosystem Types 17

Ecological Principles for Natural Resource Management Climate - Global Biome Types 18

Ecological Principles for Natural Resource Management Local Climate - Elevation & Aspect Elevation N 23 AspectS

Ecological Principles for Natural Resource Management 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + energy C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 24 Solar Radiation - Photosynthesis

Ecological Principles for Natural Resource Management Photosynthesis Light Temperature H2OH2O Nutrients 25 Nitrogen Content (g m -2 )

Ecological Principles for Natural Resource Management 26 Inputs - Outputs = 6Storage Ecosystem Water Budget

Ecological Principles for Natural Resource Management CO 2 H 2 O Transpiration 27 Water Budget - Transpiration Sunlight Hydraulic Lift

Ecological Principles for Natural Resource Management Soils - So much more than dirt! 28

29 Ecological Principles for Natural Resource Management Carbon Cycling - Energy cycling Decomposers Nutrient Uptake Consumption

Ecological Principles for Natural Resource Management Carbon Cycling - Trophic Chains 30

Ecological Principles for Natural Resource Management Carbon Cycling - Trophic Pyramid 31

Ecological Principles for Natural Resource Management Nutrient Cycling & Uptake 32

Ecological Principles for Natural Resource Management Nutrient Cycling & Uptake Inputs - Outputs = 6S 33

Ecological Principles for Natural Resource Management Nutrient Cycling & Uptake Table 7.1. Major Sources of Nutrients that Are Absorbed by Plants a. a Data from (Whittaker et al. 1979, Chapin et al. 1980b) Inputs - Outputs = 6S 34

Ecological Hierarchy - Populations Ecological Principles for Natural Resource Management Landscapes (Individuals) 35

Populations - Size Ecological Principles for Natural Resource Management 36

Ecological Principles for Natural Resource Management Populations - Size 37

Populations - Growth Rate Ecological Principles for Natural Resource Management 38

Ecological Principles for Natural Resource Management Populations - Distribution 39

Ecological Principles for Natural Resource Management Populations - Structure Single Species 40 Mixed Species

Ecological Hierarchy - Communities Ecological Principles for Natural Resource Management Landscapes (Individuals) 41

Ecological Principles for Natural Resource Management Communities - Interspecific Interactions 42

Ecological Principles for Natural Resource Management N-fixation (root nodule) 43 Mycorrizhae Lichens Communities - Mutualism (+, +)

Ecological Principles for Natural Resource Management Epiphyte 44 Facilitation Communities - Commensalism (+, 0)

Ecological Principles for Natural Resource Management Communities - Parasitism (+, -) Korthalsella sp. (HI Mistletoe) 45

Ecological Principles for Natural Resource Management Communities - Predation (+, -) 46

Ecological Principles for Natural Resource Management Communities - Competition (-, -) 47

Ecological Principles for Natural Resource Management Communities - Competition (Niche) 48

Ecological Principles for Natural Resource Management Species A Species B Communities - Competitive Exclusion Species ASpecies B 49

Ecological Principles for Natural Resource Management Species A Species B 50 Communities - Competitive Exclusion

Ecological Principles for Natural Resource Management Communities - Resource Partitioning 51

Ecological Principles for Natural Resource Management Communities - Ecological Succession 52

Ecological Principles for Natural Resource Management Primary Succession 53

Ecological Principles for Natural Resource Management Secondary Succession 54

Ecological Principles for Natural Resource Management Communities - Disturbances (Fire) 55

Ecological Principles for Natural Resource Management Communities - Disturbances (Wind) 56

Ecological Principles for Natural Resource Management Communities - Disturbances (Humans) 58

Ecological Principles for Natural Resource Management Communities - Ecological Succession 59

Ecological Principles for Natural Resource Management Communities - Ecological Succession 60

61 Ecological Principles for Natural Resource Management Ecology Matters –Natural resource management = the application of ecological principles to the management of natural resources –To manage biota, you have to understand ecology