Lipids

peanut butter is 51% fat

Lipids Lipids include commonly called substances - fats, oils, waxes, steroids & phospholipids They are made almost entirely of carbon and hydrogen. They are composed of many fatty acids, glycerol, and other components.

A triglyceride is a lipid that is solid at room temperature –(eg. Butter, bacon fat - most meat fats) –Stored in fat cells in your body. An oil is a lipid that is a liquid at room temperature –(eg. Vegetable oil, peanut oil – most plant fats) Waxes are also lipids. They are usually found on plant leaves and in bee hives.

Basic structure Fatty acid tail –Chain of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen and other carbon atoms by single of double bonds. Glycerol head

Saturated or Unsaturated Lipids that have a tail chain with only single bonds between the carbon atoms are called saturated fats because no more hydrogens can bond to the tail. Lipids that have a tail chain with at least one double bond between carbon atoms in the tail chain, and that can accommodate more hydrogens care classed unsaturated fats.

Condensation Synthesis In lipids (fats and oils) glycerol provides up to three -OH groups (it is actually a triple alcohol) to react with -COOH (carboxylic acid groups) on fatty acids. –The bonds are called ester bonds. Since the maximum number of fatty acid chains which can be attached to glycerol is 3, there is no way that lipids can be continually added to like polysaccharides.

Condensation Synthesis and Hydrolysis of a Fat Molecule

Phospholipids Phospholipids are a type of lipid that makes up the cell membrane.

Phospholipids The head from of the phospholipid bilayer is made of phosphate attached to the glycerol.

Steroids Steroids include substances such as cholesterol and hormones. There are both good and bad steroids. –Eg. Cholesterol provides the starting point for other necessary lipids such as vitamin D and the hormones estrogen and testosterone.

DRUGS IN SPORTS

Steroids