EOC Review Thursday (BDAY)

Carbohydrate-quick energy

Lipids-long term energy Three fatty acid chains with a glycerol head region Unsaturated  double bonds (better for you) – Liquid at room temp Saturated  no double bonds (worse for you) – Solid at room temp

Proteins-last resort energy stored as muscle Monomer is an amino acid Each amino acid held together by peptide bond

Enzyme Substrate binds to the enzyme at the active site Enzymes work by lowering activation energy Changes in pH, temperature, or concentration will affect the enzymes function and could denature the enzyme

Endothermic vs exothermic

Animal Cell

Plant cell Chloroplast Cell wall No centrioles Square shaped Large central vacuole

Diffusion Movement of molecules from higher concentration to lower concentration

Cell Transport-diffusion and osmosis

Cell Membrane-phospholipid bilayer Hydrophillic(water loving) heads Hydrophobic (water fearing) tails

Photosynthesis Light-dependent reactions Light-independent reactions

Light dependent and light independent reactions (Calvin cycle)

Cellular Respiration Mitochondria Profits ATP

Anaerobic vs aerobic respiration

ATP vs ADP

Cell cycle

Mitosis Phases

Meiosis

Chromosome vs chromatid vs chromatin

Tetrad

Crossing over

Punnett Square

Incomplete dominance

Codominance

Gene linkage

Pedigree (family tree)

Double helix

Nucleotide

DNA Replication

mRNA

tRNA

Transcription

Translation

Protein synthesis

DNA fingerprinting

Cloning

Stem cells

Natural Selection Explain how this could have happened in the real world

Genetic drift

Gene flow

Homologous vs analogous structures

Energy pyramid

Nitrogen cycle

Food web