Aakarsh Malhotra ( ) Gandharv Kapoor( )

 Introduction A cognitive technology that processes information more like a human than a computer. Named after IBM founder Thomas J. Watson. It is IBM’s Question Answering (QA) project led by David Ferrucci.David Ferrucci It answers questions asked in natural language with speed, accuracy and confidence.

 Natural Language ◦ Watson can read and understand natural language, important in analyzing unstructured data that make up as much as 80 percent of data today.  Hypothesis Generation ◦ When asked a question, Watson relies on hypothesis generation and evaluation to rapidly parse relevant evidence and evaluate responses from disparate data.  Dynamic Learning ◦ Through repeated use, Watson literally gets smarter by tracking feedback from its users and learning from both successes and failures.

 Pizza box sized.  Understands complex human language well, including slangs, metaphors and badly framed question and answers precisely with confidence.  Keyword-based search to intuitive, personalised search, with confidence- ranked response.

Watson competed on Jeopardy! against former winners Brad Rutter and Ken Jenning.Brad RutterKen Jenning

A short video….

 IBM developed DeepQA, a massively parallel software architecture that examined natural language content in both the clues set by Jeopardy and in Watson's own stored data.  DeepQA works out what the question is asking, then works out some possible answers based on the information.  It then generated a ranked list of answers, with evidence for each of its options.  All the information had to be locally stored.  Watson wasn't allowed to connect to the Internet during the quiz.

 Articles  Wikipedia  Internal organization documents ◦ Say, like a doctor’s notes, his experiences!!  Encyclopaedias, Dictionaries, Thesauri

 Hardware Watson is composed of : o Cluster of ninety IBM Power 750 servers. o Each of which uses a 3.5 GHz POWER7 eight core processor, with four threads per core. o In total, the system has 2,880 POWER7 processor cores and has 16 TB of RAM.  Software o Watson uses IBM's DeepQA software and the Apache UIMA (Unstructured Information Management Architecture) framework. o System is written in various languages, including Java, C++ and Prolog. o Runs on the Linux Enterprise Server 11 operating system using Apache Hadoop framework to provide distributed computing.

 All the components after DeepQA give features of computation and confidence. Hierarchical machine learning is used to combine these features.  After searching using these keywords, candidate answers are found out. Those with very low confidence are rejected. Those with high confidence are moved to final merging stage. Medium confidence results are checked in soft filtering phase based on machine learning on training data.

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