Global Connections Unit 6 Scientific Revolution

The Scientific Revolution Faith and science clash (different philosophies) (truth over superstition and magic)Faith and science clash (different philosophies) (truth over superstition and magic) –No longer willing to chalk events up to the “Will of God” In this “revolution” we find the origins of the modern world brought about by human inquiryIn this “revolution” we find the origins of the modern world brought about by human inquiry Nature to be explored in its own right not as evidence of God’s creative powersNature to be explored in its own right not as evidence of God’s creative powers

A new way of thinking Francis Bacon ( )Francis Bacon ( ) –Suggests experimentation to learn about the natural world –Inductive not deductive reasoning –Father of modern Empiricism and the scientific method Rene Descartes ( )Rene Descartes ( ) –“I think therefore I am” –Rationalism: human reason as the source of knowledge

The changing view of the universe The old view: (4 th Cen. BC):The old view: (4 th Cen. BC): 4 elements (Earth, Air, Fire, Water)4 elements (Earth, Air, Fire, Water) Geocentrism: Aristotle came up with it and Ptolemy figured out rules to explain planetary motionGeocentrism: Aristotle came up with it and Ptolemy figured out rules to explain planetary motion Roman Catholic Influence: 10 separate crystals with planets embedded in them moved around the earthRoman Catholic Influence: 10 separate crystals with planets embedded in them moved around the earth Angels moved the spheres in perfect circlesAngels moved the spheres in perfect circles

Geocentrism

Nicholas Copernicus ( ) Polish clericPolish cleric First to challenge Geocentrism in his book “On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres” (published after his death)First to challenge Geocentrism in his book “On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres” (published after his death) Only challenged the Geocentric idea but his work led to more questions being askedOnly challenged the Geocentric idea but his work led to more questions being asked

Johannes Kepler ( ) Assistant of Tycho Brahe (Math genius) Used Brahe’s data to develop three laws of planetary motionAssistant of Tycho Brahe (Math genius) Used Brahe’s data to develop three laws of planetary motion –Ellipses not circles –Planets vary their speeds during their orbits based on distance from sun –Time of orbit is based on distance from sun

Galileo Galilei ( ) 1609 developed the 1 st telescope1609 developed the 1 st telescope 1632 published “Dialogues on the 2 great systems of the Universe”1632 published “Dialogues on the 2 great systems of the Universe” –Conflict with Pope Urban VIII –1633 ordered to repudiate his views Also did work in physics (acceleration of falling bodies)Also did work in physics (acceleration of falling bodies)

Galileo and the Inquisition

Galileo has been called the "father of modern observational astronomy", the "father of modern physics",the "father of science", and "the Father of Modern Science." The motion of uniformly accelerated objects, taught in nearly all high school and introductory college physics courses, was studied by Galileo as the subject of kinematics. His contributions to observational astronomy include the telescopic confirmation of the phases of Venus, the discovery of the four largest satellites of Jupiter, named the Galilean moons in his honour, and the observation and analysis of sunspots. Galileo also worked in applied science and technology, improving compass design

Newton’s synthesis ( ) Author of Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy”Author of Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy” –Universal Gravitation: Every object in the universe is attracted to every other object by a force called gravity –Inertia: Objects in motion remain in motion unless acted upon by an outside force…

The study of living things Andreas Vesalius: Flanders ( )Andreas Vesalius: Flanders ( ) –The “father of modern anatomy” William Harvey: England ( )William Harvey: England ( ) –Circulatory System

The Impacts of the Scientific Revolution

Impacts of Scientific Revolution The EnlightenmentThe Enlightenment Weakened the authority of the Roman Catholic ChurchWeakened the authority of the Roman Catholic Church –The Revolution in science overturned the authority in not only of the middle ages but of the ancient world -- it ended not only in the eclipse of scholastic philosophy but in the destruction of Aristotelian physics. Accelerated Progress and learningAccelerated Progress and learning A greater understanding mans place in nature and the universeA greater understanding mans place in nature and the universe Feeling of superiority of Europeans over othersFeeling of superiority of Europeans over others