Bellringer  Complete a point of view analysis of:

1950s Presidents

 Compare and contrast Truman and Eisenhower’s policies.  Domestic policy  Foreign policy  Examples: China/Taiwan, Iran

TrumanSimilaritiesEisenhower

Truman

Elections  1948 – Truman v. Dewey v. Thurmond  Truman-- Whistlestop campaign – country wide train campaign against “do nothing congress”  Thurmond – Dixiecrat (anti-civil rights, pro states’rights)  Thomas Dewey – Republican (gov. of NY)

Fair Deal  Min. Wage  Soc. Sec.  Clear Slums  Low Income Homes  TVA  But lost on…  Civil Rights  Nat’l Health Ins.  Repeal of Tariff  Fed aid to Education  Farm Incomes

Containment Stalin installed communist governments in countries of Eastern Europe Satellite nations – countries dominated by the USSR War was inevitable? US moves to contain the Soviet threat George Kennan proposed policy of containment Prevent the extension of communism to other countries

Cold War US v. USSR –neither nation confronted the other on the battlefield Dominated global affairs from Truman Doctrine The US will “support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures” US spends $400 million in aid to Greece and Turkey Prevent communist take over National Security Act – 1947 Set up Dept of Defense, CIA (keep draft)

National Defense Budget [ ]

Marshall Plan Sec. of State George Marshall US provides aid to all European nations that needed it Revived European hopes 16 countries received $13 billion in aid Communist party lost its appeal to voters in Western Europe

Germany? Issue of German reunification Germany was divided into four zones after WW2 US, UK, and France combined their zones in 1948 USSR held East Germany City of Berlin was split into the two zones Western Berlin was occupied by Allies, but surrounded by Soviet territory Stalin closed off routes into West Berlin

Berlin Airlift No fuel or food could reach W. Berlin US and UK flew food and supplies to Berlin W. Berlin survived USSR lifted blockade and US prestige was raised

NATO 12 nations signed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization Pledged military support First time US entered a military alliance during peacetime NO isolationism for US! Soviets respond with Warsaw Pact

Eisenhower

Elections  Eisenhower (R) v. Stevenson (D)  Eisenhower – middle of the road approach  Pledged to personally go to Korea to end war  Nixon’s checker’s speech

Eisenhower  TV – commercialized campaign  Modern Republicanism – middle road  Conservative with money  Liberal with people  Raised minimum wage, extended Soc. Sec., public housing, etc.

Nuclear Arms Race Began during Truman’s Presidency Soviets exploded atomic bomb in 1949 US entered into race for Hydrogen Bomb Even more destructive – immoral? US explodes H-Bomb in 1952 Soviets exploded H-Bomb 1953

Brinkmanship John Foster Dulles – Ike’s Secretary of State ANTI-COMMUNIST A moral crusade against communism Brinkmanship – willingness to go to the edge of all-out war US trimmed army and navy to focus on its air force Built up nuclear weapons

Cold War Spreads CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) Collected information – spies Covert operations Iran Prime Minister Mossadegh nationalized oil fields CIA helped the Shah of Iran return to power Turned oil fields back over to Western companies Guatemala CIA took covert action to change the govt.

Cold War Spreads Geneva Summit “open skies proposal” – allow flights Soviets reject it, but it’s a step towards peace Suez War Nasser looking for aid for dam on Nile Asked US/Britain, then USSR US withdraws offer Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal Israel, Britain, and France sent troops UN defused situation

Eisenhower Doctrine Eisenhower’s Warning US would defend the Middle East against communist attack

Hungarian Uprising Soviets had dominated Hungary Hungarians revolted in 1956 – Democracy! Soviets brutally responded and put down rebellion US did nothing – Hungary was a satellite