The Cold War
The Cold War – An ideological struggle between: Communism vs. Capitalism The East vs. The West USSR vs. USA Warsaw Pact vs. NATO That lasted from
Why the conflict between these two countries? Communists believed America was too “individualistic” America believed Communism didn’t represent “American” values of hard work, individualism and the ability to get rich.
First Issue of the Cold War… The Fate of Eastern Europe (The Soviets had conquered it at the end of WWII) Stalin said… He needed a “Buffer Zone” against future invasions of USSR
Eastern Europe known as… The Eastern Bloc The Dividing Line The IRON CURTAIN
US Response to the Soviet Union: “The Truman Doctrine” or CONTAINMENT We would CONTAIN the spread of communism everywhere
Method #1 = Military alliance of non-Communist countries called… NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Method #2 = Provide Aid to Countries so they wouldn’t “go Communist” The Marshall Plan
Soviet Response = The Warsaw Pact (Communist Alliance)
First “Battle” of the Cold War = Berlin Crisis A tiny democratic outpost in Communist East Germany… West Berlin
The USSR tried to force USA out of city with a blockade USA responds with… the Berlin Airlift (supply the city by air with supplies)
After a year… It worked! (Soviets gave up)
Eventually the Communists built the Berlin Wall to separate the two halves of the city.
First Real Battle of the Cold War: The Korean War ( ) This was… US attempt to keep South Korea from becoming a Communist Country Good example of containment in action
American Commander – Douglas McArthur
It was a “victory”… South Korea never became Communist.
The legacy of the Cold War Today… Two Koreas
1985… Mikhail Gorbachev Soviet economy was crumbling (too much money on nukes) Perestroika … a little bit of capitalism Glasnost (openness) … allowed freedom of speech Summits … limit the number of nuclear weapons
Eastern Bloc inspired by… Glasnost in USSR 1989 = “The Year of Revolutions” Communist just disappeared 1989 … Poland rejected Communism (always the least willing) Leader of resistance … Lech Walesa Political Party … Solidarity Voted out the Communists 1989 … East Germany rejected communism Tore down Berlin Wall 1991 – German Reunification Glasnost inspires … nationalism First to leave … the Baltic States (Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia) The USSR votes itself out of existence Boris Yeltsin Russia controlled by a handful of rich businessmen (oligarchs)
Leadership of Vladimir Putin Continued tension… Chechnya / Dagestan