In thermal power stations, mechanical power is produced by a heat engine that transforms thermal energy, often from combustion of a fuel, into rotational energy. Most thermal power stations produce steam, and these are sometimes called steam power stations.

Electricity became a subject of scientific interest in the late 17th century with the work of William Gilbert. Probably the greatest discovery with respect to power engineering came from Michael Faraday who in 1831 discovered that a change in magnetic flux induces an electromotive force in a loop of wire—a principle known aselectromagnetic induction.

A modern electric power system consists of six main components: 1)the power station, 2) a set of transformers that step up the generated voltage 3) the transmission lines, 4) the substations at which the power is stepped down 5) the distribution lines.

Over the period from 1950 to 2007, the most recent year for which data are available, annual world electric power production and consumption rose from slightly less than 1 trillion kilowatt-hours (kwh) to 17.9 trillion kwh. In 2010thermal sources produced 67 percent of the power, but hydropower had declined to 7 percent, and nuclear power accounted for 26 percent of the total.

WHAT IS BOILER? WHY THE ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS PREFER BOILER? BOILERS IN POWER PLANT

B oiler is a part of steam generator. V ERY LARGE IN SIZE,GENERALLY ITS CAPACITY IS 100 TO 400 TONS OF STEAM PER HOUR. O PERATING PRESSURE LIES BETWEEN 11.5bar to 17.5bar. A CCESSORIES ARE E CONOMISER F EED PUMP I NJECTOR

P ACKAGED WATER TUBE BOILER F LUIDIZED BED BOILERS W ASTE HEAT RECOVERY BOILER F IRE TUBE BOILERS W ASTE HEAT BOILERS WITH DUAL COMBUSTION CHAMBER E LECTRIC BOILERS b enson tube boiler INDUSTRIAL BOILERS

BENSON BOILER

OPEN,CLOSED CYCLE THERMAL PLANT

W HAT IS STEAM TURBINE? H OW A SHAFT WORKS IN STEAM TURBINE?

Steam turbines used in power plants are generally of two types: 1) Impulse turbine 2) Reaction turbine.

THERMAL POWER PLANTS ARE CLASSIFIED BY THE TYPE OF FUEL USED USED AND THE PRIME MOVER BY FUEL USED NUCLEAR POWER PLANT FOSSIL FUELLED POWER PLANT RENEWABLE ENERGY PLANT SOLAR ENERGY PLANT BY PRIMEOVER USED STEAM TURBINE PLANT GAS TURBINE PLANT

STEPS FOLLOWED FOR GENERATION OF ELECTRIC ITY STEAM IS GENERATED IN THE BOILER. STEAM GENERATED IS PASSED THROUGH STEAM TURBINE. PART OF THERMAL ENERGY IS CONVERTED INTO MECHANICAL ENERGY. SOME PART IS USED FOR GENERATING ELECTRIC POWER. THERMAL POWR PLANT USING COAL AS A FUEL

BASIC PRINCIPLE OF ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION

FLOW CHART OF STEPS DONE IN POWER PLANT

Thermal pollution is caused by either dumping hot water from factories and power plants or removing trees and vegetation that shade streams, permitting sunlight to raise the temperature of these waters.

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