Combustion with Emissions

SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTANTS & EFFECTS ON HEALTH  CO-CARS, INDUSTRY  NO X- CARS, POWER PLANTS  SO 2 FOSSIL FUELS  VOC’S-VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS- Burning of FOSSIL FUELS  PM-PARTICULATE MATTER-FIRES, CARS, CONSTRUCTION, landscaping  BLOCKS O 2 FROM BLOOD  LUNG DISEASE, BROWN HAZE, ACID RAIN,  SMOG, Lung disease CANCER  LUNG DISEASE, CANCER, HEART DISEASE

SMOG Lung attack animation

SMOG  WHEN AIR POLLUTION HANGS OVER AN URBAN AREA  Chemical reaction in the air –SUN + AIR+ AUTO EXHAUST + OZONE O 3 = Smog  Main causes –Industry air pollutants & Vehicle exhaust

ACID RAIN  CAUSED BY:  BURNING FOSSIL FUELS –Coal, gasoline, oil  Gases released by Fossil fuels are SO 2 & NO 2  The Gases combine w/H 2 O & Forms an acid which then falls as Acid Rain ANY pH BELOW 5 is considered ACID RAIN

EFFECTS on Plants  THE low pH -KILLS Plants  1. Lower soil pH : –DISSOLVES Aluminum METAL in the soil, ABSORBED by PLANT ROOTS. Roots can’t transport water.  2. Sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) gas can clog the plant’s stomata- NO TRANSPIRATION of H 2 O-shuts down photosynthesis –LEAVES DROP off PLANTS

EFFECTS ON AQUATIC ORGANISMS  SPRING IS THE WORST TIME OF YEAR- SNOW MELT  SUDDEN INPUT OF ACID SNOW MELT LEADS TO pH SHOCK  FISH KILL, FEWER EGGS OR NOT HATCH

EFFECTS ON HUMANS  Can dissolve TOXINS into DRINKING WATER from the  Dissolves building materials made of CONCRETE & LIMESTONE –HISTORIC MONUMENTS, STATUES.

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pressure

THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT

GREENHOUSE EFFECT  When the Sun’s heat enters the ATMOSPHERE some of the heat Reflected back to space ATMOSPHERE  The rest is ABSORBED by ABSORBED –H 2 O & land  Greenhouse Gases –Gases in the atmosphere CH 4 (methane) from grazing animals and the decomp. Of organic material in ocean/land –CO 2 from organisms & human activity on Earth are accumulating  The Greenhouse Effect is … –The Sun’s heat mixes with these gases in the Stratosphere layer of the atmosphere & traps heat. –This is called Greenhouse Warming

Global Warming Earth’s Temperature  Increased GREENHOUSE GASES can lead to increased Global temperature  Earth’s temperature has increased 1.0 ᵒ F  Projected by scientists to increase up to 6 ᵒ  Increased CO 2 & CH4 accumulated in the atmosphere over the last 60 years has lead to an increase temperatures

OZONE 0 3 Layer  In the STRATOSPHERE of the Atmosphere –Filters U.V. RAYS, ACTS LIKE SUNSCREEN  The Ozone thins out periodically Why?  CFC’S-CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS –Compound gas;Used in Refrigerators, A/C, Spray cans –CFC’s can travel to the Ozone and breaks up the O3 molecules. So the Ozone thins out. They were banned in the 90’s in the U.S. But, they can last up to 120 years in the Atmosphere.

EFFECTS ON HUMANS & ANIMALS  SKIN CANCER penetration of stronger UV rays  AMPHIBIANS lay their eggs in water, not buried in the land or in nests. –The egg’s shell is penetrated by UV rays. This thins the egg more and may cause it to not hatch or cause genetic defects. –Amphibians are good indicators of an ecosystem’s health. They are sensitive to their environment.

CONTINUED  DISRUPTION OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS –LOWER PHYTOPLANKTON levels in the water –Reduced PRODUCERS in the FOOD CHAIN/WEB –LOWER CROP YIELDS for farmers- Famines  WEATHER PATTERNS are disrupted by the change in ocean currents due to warmer ocean temperatures. –Drought, water shortages

CONSEQUENCES OF GLOBAL WARMING  MELTING ICE CAPS & RISING SEA LEVELS –ICE REFLECTS HEAT-if there is less, then melting increases at the poles. –Increases fresh water into ocean water  Relocation of populations in Coastal areas/ Island due to constant flooding.

Polar bear