SOUTH ASIA Unit 8 in book!

Indian Subcontinent Subcontinent : Landmass like a continent, only smaller Bordered by the (1)Himalayan Mountains, (2)Arabian Sea, (3)Bay of Bengal, and (4)Indian Ocean.  Is it’s own small tectonic plate moving north (creates the Himalayan Mountains) Picture of south Asia Arabian Sea Bay of Bengal Indian Ocean Himalayas

3 Major Rivers Indus Ganges Brahmaputra

Around 2500 BCE civilization began in the Indus River Valley. ANCIENT CIVILIZATION AROUND THE INDUS RIVER

Ritual Bathing in the Ganges River Hindu followers achieve purification by bathing in the Ganges.

The Himalayas More than a 1,000 miles long & 100 miles wide! Tallest mountains in the world Called the “Roof of the World”

Mt. Everest World’s highest peak 29,035 feet A 13-year-old American boy is the youngest person ever to climb Mount Everest, the world’s highest peak. Jordan Romero of California reached the Himalayan summit, 8,850 meters above sea level

Training—$8,000 Gear—$10,000 Extras (phone, tip, insurance)—$4,000 Climbing the top of the world’s tallest mountain—PRICELESS

Sherpas – mountain people, who are used as mountain guides

Maldives Islands Atoll Islands, formed by the remains of sunken volcanoes, and coral reefs This is an archipelago – chain of islands The Maldives comprise over 1,200 islands

CLIMATE (1)Humid subtropical, (2)Tropical wet and dry, (3) Tropical wet, (4)Semiarid (5) Desert.

Seasonal winds Between October and May  DRY winds Between June and September  WARM moist air – Very heavy rains during this time – 450 inches of rain (37 ½ feet!!!) – Joyous Celebration = good for crops (rice) MONSOONS /watch?v=9peDRkO-TLc

Monsoon diagram

Earthquakes are common in the region. Why?

Physical Geography: East Asia

East Asia Political Map CHINA Taiwan Japan Mongolia North Korea South Korea

Islands Japan’s islands are called an. Made up of 4 MAIN islands 2,000 additional (smaller) islands are also present Archipelago

Pacific Ring of Fire – Violent earthquakes & volcanoes are frequent Most islands in region are formed by volcanoes Japan has 50 active volcanoes & has more than 1,000 earthquakes every year

Earthquake Severity Richter Scale: measures earthquake magnitudes Effects : Less than 3.5 Generally not felt, but recorded Often felt, but rarely causes damage. Under 6.0 At most slight damage to well-designed buildings. Can cause major damage to poorly constructed buildings over small regions Can be destructive in areas up to about 100 kilometers across where people live Major earthquake. Can cause serious damage over larger areas. 8 or greater Great earthquake. Can cause serious damage in areas several hundred kilometers across.

Tsunami – destructive sea wave created by an undersea earthquake m/watch?v=OhaYU3irg bk 228,000 killed in 2004 tsunami in Southeast Asia

Extreme Weather-Typhoons Tropical storms, like hurricanes, occurring in the Western Pacific m/2015/03/13/worl d/gallery/tropical- cyclone-pam/

China’s Rivers Yellow River (Huang He River) Carries tons of fine, yellowish brown topsoil known as loess Also known as “China’s Sorrow” because of its frequent & terrible floods which have destroyed villages and towns, killing thousands of people

Chang Jiang – Flows across a fertile plain & forms what is called China’s “rice bowl” where large quantities of rice & other grains are grown.

Deserts…not desserts.  Taklimaklan Desert is located in western China  Gobi Desert is located in Northern China and Mongolia  Known for its dinosaur fossils!  These are cold deserts! They are dry, not hot The Gobi Desert is larger than Texas and California combined!!!!

Southeast Asia : Physical & Human Geography

Myanmar Laos Thailand Vietnam Cambodia Malaysia Singapore Indonesia Brunei Philippines

1.Peninsulas Indochinese Peninsula (rectangular) Malay Peninsula (narrow strip of land) 2.Islands – Most are ARCHIPELAGOS – Examples? What’s it made of? Indochinese Malay

What is this peninsula called? What is this river called? >> What is this country called?

Mountains and Volcano Islands Most of the mountains found on islands are of volcanic origin Also part of Pacific Ring of Fire news/article /Volcanic-island- coast-Japan-TRIPLES-IN-SIZE- fresh-undersea- eruptions.html news/article /Volcanic-island- coast-Japan-TRIPLES-IN-SIZE- fresh-undersea- eruptions.html

1. Magma sometimes erupts through cracks in the ocean floor. 2. Over time, layers of lava can build up to form a volcanic cone. 3. Some volcanic cones rise above sea level and become islands. High (volcanic) Islands Low (coral) Islands 3. In time, only the low islands of the reef remain. 2. As the island erodes, the reef continues to grow upward. 1. Some corals form reefs on the sides of volcanic islands.

Mekong River Mekong River: – Begins in China, stretches all the way down to Vietnam – Millions rely on river for transportation, farming and fishing

Climate The region has mostly a tropical wet climate with large quantities of rain. Some parts receive over 100 inches of rain; some over 200 inches Average temp 80* year round!

Glaciers in Indonesia Higher elevations in Indonesia have glaciers – higher the elevation, lower the temp

Human Environment Interaction With so much rain & mountainous areas, the people use terrace farming  creation of ledges or steps on slopes to make the area suitable for farming, it also stops soil from being washed away with all of the rain.