Organic Compounds and Polymers

Carbon Makes up less than one percent of Earth’s crust, oceans and atmosphere Makes up less than one percent of Earth’s crust, oceans and atmosphere Makes up 20% of the human body Makes up 20% of the human body

Carbon’s Bonding Properties Can produce long chains or rings Can produce long chains or rings Forms the most covalent bonds of any element from the main group of the periodic table Forms the most covalent bonds of any element from the main group of the periodic table

Organic Compounds All carbon containing compound All carbon containing compound Except: Except: Carbon monoxide Carbon dioxide Ionic carbon compounds

Examples for Carbon Uses CARBOHYDRATES: wood, cotton, food CARBOHYDRATES: wood, cotton, food PROTEINS: wool, food, hair PROTEINS: wool, food, hair HYDROCARBONS: rubber, gasoline HYDROCARBONS: rubber, gasoline VINYLS: synthetic fabrics VINYLS: synthetic fabrics POLYAMIDES: nylon POLYAMIDES: nylon

Hydrocarbons Contain only carbon and hydrogen Contain only carbon and hydrogen Can contain single, double or triple bonds Can contain single, double or triple bonds

Amides Contains atoms of carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen Contains atoms of carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen Example: nylon Example: nylon

Alcohol, Acids, and Ketones Contains atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen Contains atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Natural vs Synthetic NATRUAL: products that occur in nature NATRUAL: products that occur in nature Examples: leather, cotton, rubbers, metals Examples: leather, cotton, rubbers, metals SYNTHETIC: products that are artificially made SYNTHETIC: products that are artificially made Most are made from petroleum (crude oil) and are called PETROCHEMICALS Most are made from petroleum (crude oil) and are called PETROCHEMICALS

Polymers Extremely big molecules made by combining hundreds or thousands of identical simple molecules Extremely big molecules made by combining hundreds or thousands of identical simple molecules These simple molecules are called MONOMERS These simple molecules are called MONOMERS POLYMERIZATION: the process that forms polymers from monomers POLYMERIZATION: the process that forms polymers from monomers

Polyethylene Has bonds at the end of the chain that link to other chains Has bonds at the end of the chain that link to other chains This process can almost continue indefinitely This process can almost continue indefinitely A very strong material A very strong material Used in plastic bottles and jars Used in plastic bottles and jars

Starch Many simple sugars (glucose) are linked together to form a larger molecule Many simple sugars (glucose) are linked together to form a larger molecule Found in breads, cereal, fruits and honey Found in breads, cereal, fruits and honey

Nylon Formed from two different types of monomers adipic acid and diaminohexane Formed from two different types of monomers adipic acid and diaminohexane Used in underwear, shirts, strings, combs, brushes etc. Used in underwear, shirts, strings, combs, brushes etc.

Producing Polymers Plastics or polymers are produced in one of two ways: Plastics or polymers are produced in one of two ways: 1.Shaped by melting the material, pouring into a mould and letting it cool 2.Placing the material into a mould and baking it

Recycling Polymers Synthetic polymers are designed to be very strong and durable Synthetic polymers are designed to be very strong and durable Therefore they take a long time to decompose Therefore they take a long time to decompose Not all plastics can be recycled Not all plastics can be recycled Not all plastics will be recycled in the same manner Not all plastics will be recycled in the same manner

Resin Identification Coding System Created in 1988 by the Society of the Plastics Industry Created in 1988 by the Society of the Plastics Industry A consistent, uniform system that identifies the resin (polymer) used in bottles and containers A consistent, uniform system that identifies the resin (polymer) used in bottles and containers Containers are separated according to its resin polymer symbol for recycling Containers are separated according to its resin polymer symbol for recycling

Resin Symbols

Code 1: Polyethylene terephthalate Code 1: Polyethylene terephthalate  Used in soft drink and mouthwash bottles  Can be recycled into tennis balls, film, etc. Code 2: High-density polyethylene Code 2: High-density polyethylene  Used in milk and juice containers  Can be recycled into trash cans, or stadium seats

Resin Symbols Code 3: Polyvinyl Chloride Code 3: Polyvinyl Chloride  Used in clear food packaging  Can be recycled into hoses or floor mats Code 4: Low-density polyethylene Code 4: Low-density polyethylene  Used in grocery bags or frozen food bags  Can be recycled into garbage can liners

Resin Symbols Code 5: Polypropylene Code 5: Polypropylene  Used in ketchup, yogurt and margarine containers  Can be recycled into fast food trays Code 6: Polystyrene Code 6: Polystyrene  Used in coffee cups, cutlery, CD jackets  Can be recycled into license plate holders Code 7: A mix of the other plastics Code 7: A mix of the other plastics