H ATHENS SPARTA

H Peloponnesian Peninsula “Sparta” Attic Peninsula “Athens”

THIS IS SPARTA

H BASIC SPARTAN EXISTENCE  Very fertile soil  Fertile plain surrounded by rugged mountains  Therefore no need for a wall around the city  self-sufficient  No widespread trade  Never progressed past basic agriculture  Helots (slaves) did all the farming ENVIRONMENT ECONOMY

H SPARTAN MILITARY  Sparta created a military state to maintain control over their enslaved population  Best army in ancient Greece  Demanded strict conformity and discipline 7, boys became property of the state  Separated from society until the age of they became citizens and could marry, but remained in the military until age 60!

H GOVERNMENT  Never progressed past an oligarchy  Dual monarchy (2 kings) and a council of elders  Ephors (high ranking officials all over 60) actually ran the city politics EPHORS 2 KINGS COUNCIL

H EDUCATION  At age 7, left their families for military training  Lived at the barracks until they were 30.  Encouraged from young age to be active  Wrestled, ran, wore very short tunics  Taught to breed good Spartan babies MALES FEMALES

H DAILY LIFE  Vastly outnumbered by the Helots (app. 20 to 1)  Sought to create a master race  Infanticide (unfit babies left to die in mntns)  Unmarried women paraded naked through streets for men to choose from – strongest male got first choice  Before 30, men encouraged to have sexual relationships with helot women or other men in the barracks (the latter preferred due to its military advantages)  Hated foreigners and new ideas because the potential disruption to society

H ARETE  Spartan… come back with your shield or on it!  Victory or death! No alternatives!

THIS IS ATHENS

H BASIC ATHENIAN EXISTENCE  Very rocky soil  Close to the sea  Hard to farm because the land was so bad  Forced to trade because they could not farm very well  Diversified their economy  Came to power slowly due to trade rather than military ENVIRONMENT ECONOMY

H MILITARY  Most powerful navy in the Greek world  Navy was created partly to protect the trading interests of Athens  Wall around the city in a horseshoe shape that surrounded the city but was open to the sea

H GOVERNMENT  First democracy in the world  Solon (oligarchy) canceled debts and debt slavery, treated all alike, created popular assembly  Around 508 BC – Cleisthenes created democracy Solon Cleisthenes Pericles

H EDUCATION  Limited to males  Started at 7 years of age and studied PE, reading, writing, math, science, morality, manners, music, and modesty  Encouraged questioning and individual thought  2 years of military and civil training

H DAILY LIFE  Welcomed foreigners and new ideas  Cultural development (architecture, art, philosophy, science, drama, etc.)  Every male was expected to know the law  Limited the practice of infanticide – more often used adoption  Arete – believed in hard work and self knowledge (strong minds in strong bodies)

H PROCESSING CREATE A POINT OF VIEW CHART FOR ATHENS AND SPARTA. LIST AT LEAST FOUR POINTS FOR EACH POLIS. CULTURECULTURE