Early Emancipation in the North

Missouri Compromise, 1820

Characteristics of the Antebellum South 1.Primarily agrarian. 2.Economic power shifted from the “upper South” to the “lower South.” 3.“Cotton Is King!” * 1860  5 mil. bales a yr. (57% of total US exports). 4.Slow development of industrialization. 5.Rudimentary financial system. 6.Inadequate transportation system.

Southern Society (1850) “Slavocracy” [plantation owners] The “Plain Folk” [white yeoman farmers] 6,000,000 Black Freemen Black Slaves 3,200, ,000 Total US Population  23,000,000 [9,250,000 in the South = 40%]

Slave-Owning Population (1860)

Southern Population

Southern Agriculture

Slaves Picking Cotton on a Mississippi Plantation

Slaves and the Cotton Gin

Changes in Cotton Production

Value of Cotton Exports As % of All US Exports

Slave Auction Notice, 1823

Slave Auction: Charleston, SC-1856

Slave Master Brands PunishmentPunishment Slave muzzle

Anti-Slave Pamphlet

Slave tag, SC Slave Accoutrements Slave leg irons Slave shoes

Distribution of Slave Labor in 1850 Types of Labor: 1.Cotton plantations 2.Rice, corn, sugarcane, tobacco 3.Clear land, haul wood, livestock 4.Mechanics, blacksmiths, drivers, carpentry 5.Women: domestic: cook, spinning, weaving, sewing

A Real Georgia Plantation

Stereotypical Images (Hollywood Again) om/watch? v=FZ7r2O Vu1ss

Life of a Slave J Crude diet and nutrition; barely adequate J Cute living quarters; bad sanitation, vulnerable to disease and bad weather J Unrelenting hard labor (rice plantations were the worst) J Constant threat of sale (punishment) J Complicated relationships with owners J Sexual exploitation J No privacy; de facto slave codes heavily enforced, always reminded of status

US Laws Regarding Slavery 1.U. S. Constitution: * 3/5s compromise [I.2] * fugitive slave clause [IV.2]  Fugitive Slave Act  stronger Fugitive Slave Act.

Global Anti-Slavery Timeline J 1780s: 1 st antislavery society created in Philly J By 1804: slavery eliminated from last northern state J 1807: the legal termination of the slave trade, enforced by the Royal Navy J 1820s: newly independent Republics of Central & South America declared their slaves free J 1833: slavery abolished throughout the British Empire J 1844: slavery abolished in the French colonies. J 1861: the serfs of Russia were emancipated

Slavery Was Less Efficient in the U. S. than Elsewhere J High cost of keeping slaves from escaping J GOAL  raise the “exit cost.” u Slave patrols u Southern Black Codes u Cut off a toe or a foot

Slave Resistance 1. Refusal to work hard 2.Isolated acts of sabotage 3.Escape via the Underground Railroad -14 Northern States  Canada -Free slaves, Quakers, abolitionists -Picks up in 1830s -Harriet Tubman: 13 trips, 300 slaves, $40,000 reward for capture

Runaway Slave Ads

Quilt Patterns as Secret Messages Monkey Wrench pattern (left) alerted escapees to gather up tools and prepare to flee Drunkard Path design (right) warned escapees not to follow a straight route.

Slave Rebellions in the Antebellum South: Nat Turner, 1831

Eve of the Civil War: Slavery Up Close Using the Time Magazine article “Slavery Up Close” answer the questions on your paper. m/time/interactive/0,3 1813, ,00.ht ml m/time/interactive/0,3 1813, ,00.ht ml

Counties Forsyth County Charleston, SC Myrtle Beach, SC