Chapter 3

 Fossil – the preserved remains of a plant or animal that lived long ago  Artifact – an object made by human beings  Nomad – people who traveled in search of food

 Longhouse – long wooden building that was covered with bark or grass and shared by several families  Wampum – a string of small beads made from shells

 Paleontologists study fossils for clues about the giant plants and animals of Pennsylvania’s past  Examples of fossils are shells, skeletons, and leaf prints ▪ The Trilobite is Pennsylvania’s state fossil  Scientists believe that most of these plants and animals lived in dense forests, during the Pennsylvanian Period, millions of years ago  Most of the plants and animals died out and were buried in areas that became coal beds, and some of the remains became fossilized

 A scientist who studies the lives and culture of people from the past are archaeologists  Archaeologists dig for artifacts at archaeological sites  Examples of artifacts are spearheads and cooking pots  An important archaeologist site is Medowcroft Rockshelter located in southwestern Pennsylvania  Medowcroft Rockshelter has the largest collection of plant and animal fossils in North America

ANCIENT PENNSYLVANIA  Climate  It was warmer and wetter  People/Plant  Large plants and animals, like the woolly mammoth and mastodon  Few people PRESENT-DAY PENNSYLVANIA  Climate  Has a temperate climate  Varying temperatures  People/Plants  More people live here  The large animals are extinct  Smaller plant life

ALGONQUIAN TRIBES  Lenni Lenape  Settled along banks of Delaware and Brandywine River  Used natural resources  Men hunted and fished and women grew crops  Lived in longhouses with several families  Forced to move to Ohio and Oklahoma  Shawnee  Referred to Lenape as their “grandfathers”  Settled near Susquehanna River  Lived in Longhouses  Men fished and hunted; Women planted crops  Moved to Oklahoma

IROQUOIS TRIBES  Iroquois  Lived near each other and shared a common language  Lived in longhouses  Good farmers, traders, and hunters  Various tribes fought against each other  Created League of Five Nations, to try and stop the fighting  Used wampum to make and record decisions  Became one of the most powerful groups in North America  Susquehannock  Settled along the Susquehanna River in southeast PA  Lived in longhouses  Built palisades around their villages to protect them from attacks  Women had a great deal of power  Due to war, disease, and members joining other tribes, the Susquehannock have died out

Tamanend Tamanend was a famous leader of the Lenni Lenape. He was known for his fairness. He worked with William Penn to keep peace in Pennsylvania for more than 50 years. Tamanend is a symbol of lasting liberty and peace. His statue is in Philadelphia.