The Process of Faith Integration in the Development of a First-edition Principles of Management Textbook Michael E. Cafferky, DBA MDiv Southern Adventist University

Overview The Journey & Project overview Mission Use of Scripture & Theological Themes Manuscript Development Structural choices Rationale Potential weaknesses Opportunities for future R&D

The Journey & Project Overview

2003: The vision emerges 2004: Research begins (During Anderson University DBA degree program) 2006: Discussions with Prentice Hall; outlines 2007: Contract signed, Writing begins 2009: First draft complete; Revisions begin

Mission An introductory undergraduate textbook To provide a distinctive product which facilitates learning about management in the context of Christian values and teachings...

Mission Delimitations: – Not a trade book (E.g., Business Through the Eyes of Faith) – Not a devotional or inspirational book – Not a book on Christian teachings – Does not give a particular denominational perspective

Use of Scripture Theological themes Avoid proof texting but also review specific passages.

Use of Scripture Biblical stories and situations Word & concept studies. E.g., CONCEPTOTNT Manager175 Accountability1119 Agent, agency76 Conflict management2015 Decision making45 Human resources45 Leader125 Motivation3025 Organizing2813

Theological Themes Character of God Creation in the Image of God Covenant (& Shalom) Community Creation-Fall-Redemption Calling

Manuscript Development: Literature Christian worldview Integrating Faith at Work Stories & Cases Nonprofit Management Christian View of Economics Managerial Tensions Standard Works & Recent Scholarship THE PROJECT Bible Record & Christian Theology

Manuscript Development: Literature Management Pyramid Model as an integrating device:

Manuscript Development: Production Research: Biblical studies, theology, management scholarship Writing First Draft Peer ReviewEditorial Review Revising & Editing

THEOLOGICAL THEMES MANAGEMENT SCHOLARSHIP CHRISTIAN SCHOLARSHIP BUSINESS & MANAGEMENT ISSUES BIBLE PASSAGES, WORD STUDIES, & STORIES CHRISTIAN FAITH PERSPECTIVE MANAGEMENT THEORY & PRACTICE

Structural Choices Table of Contents & Chapters Seamless Integration v. Specialization

Structural Choices: TOC Traditional topics 3 Additional Chapters – Spirituality & management – Models of Faith Integration – Business Assumptions & Faith

Structural Choices: Chapter Opening scenario “Who cares about …? Management pyramid Management content – Biblical record – Management scholarship “The Christian mind on…” Manager as minister Paradoxes and dilemmas End of Chapter material (key terms, discussion questions, debatable issues, etc.)

Manuscript Development: IM Bible Verses, Hymns, Devotional ideas Supplementary Material Stories, quotations, Historical Test Bank, PowerPoints

Structural Choices Management Scholarship only Fails to achieve faith integration goals; fails to establish a clear differentiation from substitute products. Unacceptable Integration at the BOOK level Separate sections of the book: Christian Teaching; Management Scholarship Unfamiliar to typical users Integration in each CHAPTER Separate sections of each Chapter: Christian Teaching; Management Scholarship The Alternative Chosen Integration THROUGHOUT Seamless treatment of the issues through the lens of one author’s Christian worldview. Some sections may have no corresponding comments from Biblical scholarship; Plurality of Christian worldviews Bible only Bible is incomplete or ambiguous on some management issues; does not consider current scholarship Unacceptable

Structural Choice: Rationale Assumption: some readers will want to know what just the Bible teaches Sacred & secular sources evaluated separately Makes prominent the Biblical record Prevents confusion Responsible scholarship

Structural Choice: Rationale Assumption: Christian worldview is a plurality. (Palmer, 1998) Seamless integration requires: A)Developing one expression (that takes into consideration the plurality of Christian faith) B) Applying multiple Christian perspectives to multiple management theories &principles. (This will result in a longer and more complex product to read than can be expected of undergraduate students)

Structural Choice: Rationale Contributes to faith integration. Core issues v. Specific applications Allows for critical thinking & contemplation

Structural Choice: Rationale Assumption: integration takes place in the head, heart, and hand of the reader: Intellectual Spiritual Practical A book is a support and guide.

Structural Choice: Rationale Potential Weaknesses – Incomplete integration? – Will readers want the work of full intellectual integration done for them? – Scarcity of space requires choices from an expanding body of knowledge – Other weaknesses?

Opportunities for Future R&D Book projects & collateral materials Management topics: more scholarship needed Case studies Defining what “integration” means