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Performer - Culture & Literature Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein by K. Branagh, 1994 Frankenstein Performer - Culture & Literature Marina Spiazzi, Marina Tavella, Margaret Layton © 2012

1. Mary Shelley’s life The daughter of Mary Wollstonecraft and William Godwin, both believers in the Enlightened power of reason. She eloped to France with the Romantic poet Percy B. Shelley. The writing of Frankenstein took place at Villa Diodati on the banks of Lake Geneva. Performer - Culture&Literature

2. Frankenstein and its plot Frankenstein, a Swiss scientist, creates a human being by joining parts of corpses. The result of the experiment is ugly and revolting. The monster becomes a murderer. At the end he destroys his creator. The story is introduced by a series of letters written by Walton, a young explorer on an expedition voyage to the North Pole, to his sister, Margaret Walton Saville. Performer - Culture&Literature

3. The influence of science The latest scientific theories of chemistry and electricity influenced Mary Shelley The protagonist of Frankenstein is the first embodiment of the theme of science He creates a human being through the use of electricity and chemistry Performer - Culture&Literature

4. Influences: from Prometheus to Frankenstein The myth of Prometheus  Frankenstein is an example of overreacher. Rousseau  The monster is a noble savage. Poster for the 1931 film ‘Frankenstein’ directed by James Whale. Performer - Culture&Literature

4. Influences: from Prometheus to Frankenstein Locke  The monster’s self-awareness and his education. S. T. Coleridge’s The Rime of the Ancient Mariner  Both the novel and the poem are stories of a crime against nature. Gothic stories read by Mary and Percy B. Shelley. Boris Karloff as Frankenstein’s monster in James Whale’s 1931 film. Performer - Culture&Literature

5. Narrative structure: an epistolary novel Walton’s narration to his sister Margaret Walton Saville (chapters 1-10) Frankenstein’s narration to Walton (chapters 11-17) The monster’s narration to Frankenstein (chapters 18-24) Performer - Culture&Literature

6. Main characters Both Captain Walton and Doctor Frankenstein tried to go beyond human limits. The monster is complementary to his creator: they both suffer from isolation and they both begin with a desire to be good. Black and white poster for James Whale’s 1931 film ‘Frankenstein’. Performer - Culture&Literature

7. Themes The quest for forbidden knowledge (Walton and Dr Frankenstein) is related to the theme of the overreacher. The double  Dr Frankenstein and the monster. The overcoming of natural and divine rules  the creation of a human being without the participation of a woman. Social prejudices  the monster as an outcast. Education and experience  the monster’s intellectual and emotional development. Performer - Culture&Literature

8. Frankenstein on the screen A being created by man Boris Karloff in Frankenstein by James Whale, 1931 Robert De Niro in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein by Kenneth Branagh, 1994 Performer - Culture&Literature

9. Frankenstein and cloning Cloning is the creation of an organism that is an exact genetic copy of another. This means that every single bit of DNA is the same between the two. Can you consider the monster a sort of a clone? Performer - Culture&Literature

10. Cloning steps The first transgenic mouse was born Sheep Dolly was born European Parliament voted against therapeutic cloning Scientists discovered stem cells inside placenta and amniotic fluid able to give rise to specialised cells 1952 1982 1984 1996 1998 2000 2001 2007 First nuclear transposition of the nucleus of a frog embryo cell ‘Embryo splitting’ technique is discovered: from a single embryo, 5 identical sheep were obtained Thomson found out embryo stem cells The Advanced Cell Technology announced its success in cloning a human embryo Performer - Culture&Literature