Chapter 25

ACIDS Donates an H+ (HYDROGEN ION), also called a proton donor. Taste SOUR (Think orange juice or grapefruit juice) pH is less than 7 Corrosive to METALS Changes litmus RED

ACIDS Becomes less acidic when mixed with a BASE Identifying an Acid Acts as a proton donor Will demonstrate any of the above characteristics Chemical formula begins with H-

NAMING ACIDS Compounds that begin with H- (it is really an H +1 ion) are probably acids Example: HCl = hydrochloric acid H 2 SO 4 = sulfuric acid

NAMING ACIDS There are different rules depending on what the H+1 is bonded to Monatomic ions vs polyatomic ions: Monatomic ions- formed from a nonmetal on the periodic table! Polyatomic ions- ions formed from more than one type of atom acting together as a single ion

Monatomic vs Polyatomic Ions: HF -> H is bonded to F (monatomic) HNO 3 -> H is bonded to NO 3 (polyatomic) H 3 PO 4 -> H is bonded to PO 4 (polyatomic) H 2 S -> H is bonded to S (monatomic)

RULES FOR MONATOMIC: Use “HYDRO-” prefix Use “-ic” suffix End with “acid ”

Examples of Monatomic: HF -> hydrofluoric acid HCl -> hydrochloric acid HBr -> hydrobromic acid

RULES FOR POLYATOMIC: We need our lists!!! Do NOT use “hydro-” Use “-ic” suffix for ions that end with “- ate” Use “-ous” suffix for ions that end with “- ite” End with “acid”

Examples of Polyatomic: HNO 3  nitric acid H 3 PO 4  phosphoric acid HNO 2  nitrous acid HC 2 H 3 O 2  acetic acid HSO 4  sulfuric acid

PrefixRootSuffixExample Formula Example Name MonoatomicHydro-Ion name-icHClHydrochloric acid Polyatomic “ate” None-Ion name-icHNO 3 Nitric acid Polyatomic “ite” None-Ion name-ousHNO 2 Nitrous Acid

EXCEPTIONS: Polyatomic ions that have names that end in “-ide” Should be named as monatomic ions!

BASES: Accepts a H+ ion, also called a proton acceptor pH values of greater than 7 Feels slippery (Dissolving the oils and fats in your skin!) Changes litmus BLUE Becomes less basic when mixed with an acid

IDENTIFYING A BASE: Will act as a proton acceptor Will demonstrate any of the above characteristics Will have a chemical formula that includes the hydroxide ion (OH ) Such as NaOH (sodium hydroxide)

NAMING BASES: JUST LIKE IONIC COMPOUNDS!!!! Name of metal + “hydroxide” KOH  potassium hydroxide Cu (OH) 2  Copper (II) hydroxide