A Declaration for Freedom…

Warm Up… 1. List two causes of the French Revolution. 2. List the three estates.

Old Regime  Outdated social system of middle ages  First Estate:  Clergy – wealthy, paid no taxes, social services  Second Estate:  Nobles – held rights, land, money, privileges  Third Estate:  90 plus percent of the population  Bourgeoisie (Mid. Class) & Peasants  No rights… lost in voting process

Problems in France  Deficit spending  Spending more than making  Nobles/Clergy paid no taxes  Poor harvests  Harsh conditions caused riots  Bread riots, Manor house attacks, etc.

Causes of French Revolution  Burden of debt  Heavy taxes, fees, & services on peasants  Urban poverty/unemploym ent  Unfair rights between classes  Poor harvests  Enlightenment ideas  Failure to reform

Monarchy in peril  Louis XIII, XIV, XV, XVI failed to reform France  All from the House of Bourbon

Estates General  Louis XVI called for meeting, first time in 175 years at Versailles  Third Estate upset over rights  Declares a National Assembly  Want to create a new CONSTITUTION  Locked out of meeting… form the Tennis Court Oath  Some members of other estates actually join assembly

Tennis Court Oath

Comprehension Questions 1. Why was the “estate” system of France not equal to all people? 2. List one of the problems that France faced before the revolution. 3. List one of the causes given for the revolution. 4. What was the Tennis Court Oath?

Revolution Starts at Bastille  People feared king would outlaw Assembly  Third Estate arms themselves by raiding Bastille  Guards/Governor killed and/or massacred  Mob tore down building brick by brick with hands…  Not just a revolt, but a revolution! July 14 th – Bastille Day – National Holiday

Great Fear  Anyone against revolution, convicted of treason  Terror spreads throughout France

Famine in France  1789 – prices rise, 1 month earnings cost 1 loaf of bread  Paris is Revolutionary center  Factions (small groups  King/Queen reside in Versailles Versailles

Declaration of the Rights of Man  Created by National Assembly  Declaration of Independence  All men are born with equal rights  Taxes now charged off what you make  Freedom of religion

Neglect by the Nobility  King Louis XVI & Queen Marie Antoinette continue having banquet  Ignored problems outside Versailles

Constitution Created  Constitution of 1789  Replaced provinces with 83 departments (states)  Private property protected  Free trade supported

Comprehension Questions 1. Where did the revolution start? 2. What were the citizens of France looking for at the Bastille? 3. What city was the “revolutionary” center? 4. What city did the king/queen reside in before the revolution? 5. What was the National Assembly? What did they create? 6. What replaced the provinces with 83 departments, protected private property, and supported free trade?

March on Versailles  Thousands march to Versailles to voice complaints  Force King/Queen back to Paris to deal with problems  Once back… National Assembly creates Constitution of 1791  Limited monarchy with a legislative assembly  Officials now elected to make laws, taxes, war, etc.

Royal Escape  Marie fear loss of power, encourages Louis to escape to Austria  Caught within miles of border  Royal couple seen as traitors, guilty of treason

Problems continue…  Legislative Assembly was too weak  Economic problems continued  1792 – warring with other countries begins  Austria & Prussia

From Bad to Worse  September Massacres  Citizens attack prisons killing suspected traitors  National Convention  Radicals take over National Assembly – elect new legislative body… call it a National Convention  Suffrage to all, France now a republic, Louis XVI found guilty by 1 vote  Executed Louis – Jan. 21, 1793

Robespierre  Committee of Public Safety  “Freedom Fever” – enforcement to contribute to revolution  Rousseau: general will  Abolished slavery

Reign of Terror  “Liberty cannot be secured unless criminals lose their heads” ~Robespierre, General Will  40,000 people died  July 1793 – July 1794  Robespierre fell victim

The Directory  Constitution of 1795  5 man directory  2 house legislature  All classes participated  Nationalism rises in France  State schools educate all

Enter Napoleon

Comprehension Questions 1. Why did thousands march to Versailles? 2. What did the Constitution of 1791 state? 3. How did the royal couple deal with the stress once they were forced back to Paris? 4. What did the National Convention do? 5. What were the September Massacres? 6. Who headed the Committee of Public Safety? Did this keep the people safe? 7. What was The Directory?