Intro to the Scientific Revolution & Enlightenment
Starting off… Who believed that the sun was the center of the universe and NOT the earth? Aristotle? Ptolemy? Copernicus?
Who 1 st discovered the function of the heart & the complete circulation of blood? Our good friend, Harvey!!! He did this without the aid of a microscope!!!
Who discovered that planets move not in a circle but in an ELLIPSE and that planets move faster going toward the sun and slower going away from it? Kepler!
Who used the newly-invented microscope to discover a cell? HOOKE –But did he discover that cells were the basic building blocks of life and that all organisms consist of cells? –No!!!
Who developed a theory of universal gravitation explained everything from the falling of objects on the earth to the motions of the planets & of the orbit of the moon around the earth?
Who learned how pendulums swing? GALILEO GALILEI!!!
Who developed the 1 st astronomical telescope? G2G2
And many more… (now to get a little more specific)
Galileo Galilei Italian astronomer, mathematician, and physicist in early 1600s. Catholic church forced him to recant sun- centered view & placed him under house arrest for the rest of his life –E pur si muove –“ And still it moves ”
Sir Isaac Newton ( ) “ Greatest scientist to ever live ” Universal gravitation 3 Laws of Motion –(1) Law of Inertia: Objects in motion stay in motion, rest rest unless acted on by an outside force –(2) F=M*A or A=F/M –(3) For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
Law of Motion #1
Law of Motion #2 F net = m * a
Law of Motion #3
The Scientific Revolution will lead to the Enlightenment...
What was the key word of the Enlightenment???? Reason!
Twilley Talbert French poet, novelist, landscaper ( “ philosophe ” ) Critical of the government, women, & midgets Watium et mutable cappenyu mortem: “ Give me some answers or I ’ ll shoot you dead! ” Known for swallowing a baby watermelon His neck opened up like a pez dispenser and the pupils of his eyes were actually jellybeans
Rene Descartes Famous for saying Cogito, ergo sum Believed nothing until he est. grounds to believe that it is true
What was the ENLIGHTENMENT? Most associated w/Paris, France Confidence in human ’ s ability to REASON. –A.K.A. “ Age of Reason ” Attacked superstition, religion, easy acceptance of authority Everything (politics, nature, families, etc.) controlled by natural laws Huge impact on American & French governments, religion, etc.
Immanuel Kant Worded the motto of the Enlightenment: “ Dare to Know! ” “ Have courage to use your own understanding. ”
Scientific Revolution Expands Into Political Philosophy Belief: If systematic laws (i.e. gravity, centripetal force, etc.) governed the universe, then political, economic, & social relationships could also be understood through reasoned analysis. –What is the name for this? Natural law : a universal moral law that, like physical laws, could be understood by applying reason.
Quick Review THE ENLIGHTENMENT!!! WHEN/WHERE? NATURAL LAWS GOVERN __________ ATTACKED SUPERSTITION, EASY ACCEPTANCE OF AUTHORITY, ETC.
THE ENLIGHTENMENT & US GOV’T Background in France: King Louis XIV & XV influencing philosophes Background in US: Successful revolution against England…what should new government look like? Specific impacts of the Enlightenment on the new U.S. gov’t ELECTED president vs. a hereditary monarch Federal republic Popular sovereignty Bill of Rights (rights of citizens)—guaranteed which freedoms? Constitution (social contract) Separation of powers/Checks and balances Some limitations of new gov’t Separation of church and state 1 st President George Washington – “Mr. President” vs. “Your Majesty” – Voluntarily stepped down after 2 nd term ***Enlightenment ideas directly impacted the new form of government the U.S. established in The Enlightenment-inspired gov’t of the U.S. will later be modeled in many countries throughout the world.
THE U.S. CONSTITUTION... FOR WHOM WAS IT WRITTEN?
OTHER CHANGES???
MORE CHANGES?