 Physical - Air, water, and food are requirements for survival in all animals, including humans.  Safety - Safety needs take over after life necessities. Clothing and shelter provide necessary protection from the elements  Social/Love/Belongings - The need is especially strong in childhood and can over- ride the need for safety; can lead to disability to form healthy relationships if neglected; can come from family, friends, sports, gangs, etc  Esteem - Esteem presents the normal human desire to be accepted and valued by others; that many people with low self-esteem will not be able to improve their view of themselves simply externally, but must first accept themselves internally  Self-actualization - This level of need pertains to what a person's full potential is and realizing that potential

 stress is a major cause of disease because chronic stress causes long-term chemical changes.  body would respond to any external biological source of stress with a predictable biological pattern in an attempt to restore the body’s internal homeostasis.  This initial hormonal reaction is your fight or flight stress response - and its purpose is for handling stress very quickly!  there is a limited supply of adaptive energy to deal with stress.

 Alarm - Your first reaction to stress recognizes there’s a danger and prepares to deal with the threat; main stress hormones cortisol, adrenaline, and noradrenaline, is released to provide instant energy; If this energy is repeatedly not used by physical activity, it can become harmful; At this stage everything is working as it should – you have a stressful event, your body alarms you with a sudden jolt of hormonal changes, and you are now immediately equipped with enough energy to handle it.

 Resistance - source of stress being possibly resolved; Homeostasis begins restoring balance and a period of recovery for repair and renewal takes place; If a stressful condition persists, your body adapts by a continued effort in resistance and remains in a state of arousal; Problems begin to manifest when you find yourself repeating this process too often with little or no recovery

 Exhaustion - Your body’s ability to resist is lost because its adaptation energy supply is gone; Here is where stress levels go up and stay up

 Unhealthy response:  Smoking  Drinking too much  Overeating or undereating  Zoning out for hours in front of the TV or computer  Withdrawing from friends, family, and activities  Using pills or drugs to relax  Sleeping too much  Procrastinating  Filling up every minute of the day to avoid facing problems  Taking out your stress on others (lashing out, angry outbursts, physical violence)

 Healthy response:  Avoid stress – saying “no,” avoid people, take control, avoid hot-topics, & pare down to-do list.  Alter situation – express your feelings, compromise, be assertive, & manage time.  Adapt to stressor – reframe problems, look at big picture, adjust standards, & focus on positive.  Ways – relaxation techniques, go for a walk, spend time in nature, call a good friend, sweat out tension, write in journal, take a long bath, light scented candles, savor a warm cup of coffee or tea, play with a pet, work in garden, get a massage, read, music, watch a comedy.

 Tone refers to various sound aspects of words as they are spoken.  Body language can be considered nonverbal communication.  Choosing the right words to communicate with are also important when trying to express emotion clearly.  Feeling hurt by someone's words or actions can be considered primary  Differences in culture and family systems should also be considered when effectively communicating emotion.culture

 Warning signs –  Confused thinking;  prolonged depression;  feelings of extreme highs and lows;  excessive fears, worries, & anxieties;  social withdrawal;  dramatic changes in eating or sleeping habits;  strong feelings of anger;  delusions;  growing inability to cope with daily problems;  suicidal thoughts;  denial of obvious problems;  numerous unexplained physical ailments; &  substance abuse.

 Support Systems:  Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)  National Alliance for the Mentally Ill (NAMI)  American Psychiatric Association  American Academy of child and Adolescent Psychiatry  National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)  Treatment – Accept your feelings, handling unusual behavior, establishing support, seeking counseling, taking time out, medication, friends, family, etc

 Risk factors – mental illness, social interactions, low income, unemployment, abuse, family history, esteem.  National Suicide Prevention Hotline.  Talk to anyone.  Teen Warning signs:  Disinterest in favorite extracurricular activities  Problems at work and losing interest in a job  Substance abuse, including alcohol and drug (illegal and legal drugs) use  Behavioral problems  Withdrawing from family and friends  Sleep changes  Changes in eating habits  Begins to neglect hygiene and other matters of personal appearance  Emotional distress brings on physical complaints (aches, fatigues, migraines)  Hard time concentrating and paying attention  Declining grades in school  Loss of interest in schoolwork  Risk taking behaviors  Complains more frequently of boredom  Does not respond as before to praise

 Nonverbal describes the process of conveying meaning in the form of non-word messages.  Visual is the conveyance of ideas and information through creation of visual representations.  Oral, while primarily referring to spoken verbal communication, typically relies on both words, visual aids and non-verbal elements to support the conveyance of the meaning