We will take a “virtual field trip” during seminar tonight, please be sure that your speakers are working. You will view a video from ABC News. HN144 Seminar 7:00pm & 9:00pm ET Instructor: Dr. Lisa Belfield UNIT 5 CHAPTER 8 Middle Childhood

Infancy – birth to 18 months  Trust vs. Mistrust Early Childhood – age 2-3  Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt Preschool - age 3-5  Initiative vs. Guilt

Middle Childhood – Age Industry vs. Inferiority  capable of learning, creating and accomplishing numerous new skills and knowledge, thus developing a sense of industry.  if we experience unresolved feelings of inadequacy and inferiority among our peers, we can have serious problems in terms of competence and self-esteem. (

Please open a new browser (window) Then copy and paste this web address: Or click on the link on the blue information bar on the bottom left of your screen. View the 9 minute 8 seconds video and then come back to the seminar chatroom.

What characteristics or experiences might the girls (the bullies) have possessed and what characteristics or experiences might the boy (the victim) have possessed which tend to be common with bullies, as well as victims?

“Mean Girls”  What might be some of the biological, psychological and/or sociological factors involved at such a young age?

Erikson’s stage: IDENTITY vs. CONFUSION What does that mean?

According to Erikson, adolescence represents the struggle between identity and identity confusion, with the primary question, “Who am I?”

Final growth spurt in gray matter of the brain’s frontal lobes (regions that guide planning, problem solving and judgment) occurs around ages Why is that important information for people who work with teens?

Piaget - Formal Operations Stage  Adolescent is capable of abstract thought – flexible thinking  Use of hypothetical-deductive reasoning: the problem-solving process that tests and evaluates hypotheses to find the best solution  Adolescents begin to ponder their own thoughts and to recognize both possibility and actuality

Defined as “intentional, self-effected, low-lethality bodily harm of a socially unacceptable nature, performed to reduce psychological stress” (Walsh, 2005).  Usually performed in secret and often begins in adolescence  It evokes strong feelings of shame and guilt and can take on an addictive quality

Non-lethal self-injury has been cited as a way to (choose one): 1.Enhance athletic ability 2.Commit suicide 3.Improve cognitive functioning 4.Express pain

In childhood, up to puberty, more boys than girls are reported as being depressed In late adolescence the number of girls experiencing depression is twice that of boys

What is the most significant factor related to depression in girls?

Body image!!! Research shows that girls interpret their maturing bodies negatively.

What can be done to help our adolescent population?

Researchers discovered that not all interventions are helpful when dealing with high-risk adolescents. One such intervention has actually led to an increase in adolescent substance abuse and delinquent behavior (choose one): 1. Restitution and community service 2. Wilderness training 3. Peer-based group therapy 4. Fear, emotional shock, and avoidance training

The answer is…..Peer-Based Group Therapy Family intervention and social-skills training have best results reducing recidivism. Of course, what works best really depends on the child. As we know, each child is different so we cannot use a cookie cutter approach. Human Service Professionals must find the method that works best for each child.

To ensure that you do your BEST on the quiz, please check DocSharing for the Unit 6 Quiz Study Guide. Please plan your time accordingly. If you do not take the quiz by the deadline, you will receive a 0. When you complete the quiz, you will see a summary page which will show your score. The day after the unit ends you will be able to check your gradebook for the correct answers to the quiz.

Unit begins on Wednesday. Please be sure to read the new announcements on the course home page. During our next seminar, we will discuss your upcoming project (Ecomap for Luis Perez – Unit 7), please read the instructions posted in DocSharing.