AP Psych DMA  Describe the feel-good, do-good phenomenon.  Give two examples of this phenomenon from your life. Please write the question & leave room for your answers.

Today’s Agenda DMA FRQ scoring Chapter 13 Emotions & facial expressions Homework: Test review session – Wednesday, Feb. 22 nd, 7:00, Wheeler’s room Chapter 12 & 13 Test – Thursday, Feb. 23 rd Chapter 12 & 13 notes due Thursday, Feb. 23rd

FRQ Scoring  Please grab your paper & a scoring guide from the front table.  Exchange papers with a neighbor  Grade each other’s FRQs  BE BRUTAL – you are doing him/her a favor!

Two sides of the room  Side 1 will close their eyes  Side 2 will be “told” an emotion to change their facial expression to  Don’t say anything!!  Side 1 will open their eyes & try to guess which emotion Side 2 is demonstrating.

SURPRISE Please change your expression to…

LOVE Please change your expression to…

ANGER Please change your expression to…

BORED Please change your expression to…

SURPRISE Please change your expression to…

EXCITEMENT / EXCITED Please change your expression to…

Which face “jumps out” to you?

Expressed Emotion  People more speedily detect an angry face than a happy one

Expressed Emotion  Gender and expressiveness Men Women Sad Happy Scary Film Type Number of expressions

Expressed Emotion  Culturally universal expressions

Experienced Emotion  The ingredients of emotion

Experienced Emotion  Infants’ naturally occurring emotions

Experienced Emotion  Moods across the day

FACE AND EMOTION Ekman & Friesen

Theory The specific facial expressions corresponding to basic emotions are universal.

Ah, but how to get an truly accurate experiment : With the pervasiveness of Western culture, how can we be sure that our influence isn’t messing with the results?  even in 1971 when this study was performed Go to the southern New Guinea and study an isolated group called the Fore people.

Method:  Chose 189 adults and 130 children  Showed them faces  one was correct emotion, other(s) were obviously incorrect  Told a quick story to set up a scenario where the emotion would happen  “he is looking at something that smells bad.”  Asked to choose the photo that corresponded with the story.

Results  Fear and surprise were a slight issue but:  Happiness92.3% correct  Anger85.3% correct  Sadness79.0% correct  Disgust83.0% correct  Surprise68% correct  Fear80.5% correct  Fear (with surprise) 42.7% correct

Results  Compared to Westerners there were no significant differences.  Children compared to adults also showed no significant differences.

To double check their findings  Ekman and Friesen videotaped members of the Fore culture portraying the same six facial expressions.  Later, when the tapes were show to college student in the U.S., the students correctly identified the expression corresponding to each of the emotions.

Why does this matter?  In the nature/nurture debate this gives us a pretty clear picture that these six emotions have a biological (hard-wired from birth) origin.  Evolutionarily speaking …  the expressions are possibly a silent indicator to ensure survival. An expression of fear would silently signal the approach of a predator. An expression of disgust may signal possible poisons.

Leftover survival instincts  It is easier to detect an angry face in a crowd than it is to find a happy one.

Recent applications  A study of children diagnosed with autism  pervasive developmental disorder marked by language deficits, social withdrawal and repetitive self-stimulation behaviors  appear to have difficulty recognizing the facial expressions that correspond to basic emotions.  Fundamental in cross-cultural psychology research.  And finally, animals and the existence of eyebrows.

Ekman & Friesen  Also studied polygraph testing/lie detecting  Video Clip Video Clip  Emotions & lying  Video clip Video clip

Emotion-Lie Detectors Polygraph  machine commonly used in attempts to detect lies  measures several of the physiological responses accompanying emotion  perspiration  cardiovascular  breathing changes

Emotion--A Polygraph Examination

Emotion--Lie Detectors  Control Question  Up to age 18, did you ever physically harm anyone?  Relevant Question  Did [the deceased] threaten to harm you in any way?

Emotion--Lie Detectors Control question Relevant question Control question Relevant question (a)(b) Respiration Perspiration Heart rate

Emotion--Lie Detectors  50 Innocents  50 Thieves  1/3 of innocent declared guilty  1/4 of guilty declared innocent Percentage Innocent people Guilty people Judged innocent by polygraph Judged guilty by polygraph

Emotion--Lie Detectors  Is 70% accuracy good?  Assume 5% of 1000 employees actually guilty  test all employees  285 will be wrongly accused  What about 95% accuracy?  Assume 1 in 1000 employees actually guilty  test all employees (including 999 innocents)  50 wrongly declared guilty  1 of 51 testing positive are guilty (~2%)

Lie Detector Laws On a piece of paper…  Write a persuasive paragraph in which you propose or reject the use of polygraph testing in court cases.  Use psychological terminology  Use statistics to support your position. You may complete this assignment with a partner Please turn in your paragraph