The Rise of Cities HWH UNIT 6 CHAPTER 9.2. Percentage of English population living in cities over 20,000 people 1801: 17% 1851: 35% 1891: 54% London was.

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Presentation transcript:

The Rise of Cities HWH UNIT 6 CHAPTER 9.2

Percentage of English population living in cities over 20,000 people 1801: 17% 1851: 35% 1891: 54% London was the largest city in Europe By 1900, 9 cities in Europe had populations over 1 million

Urban Life More likely to die of disease than in countryside More people died each year than were born Immigration from countryside kept population from decreasing By 1900, death rates for cities and rural areas would be equal

Sanitation Problems Sewage Cholera Tuberculosis

Cholera Bacterium Epidemic in London, 1846

Solutions to Urban Problems Louis Pasteur ( ) Pasteurization

Joseph Lister ( ) Sterilization techniques Antiseptic

Solutions to Urban Problems Edwin Chadwick ( ) and his “ sanitary idea ” (1848) Public Health Act of 1848

Urban Planning

Sewage Systems

Paris Under Napoleon III ( ) Napoleon IIIGeorges Haussmann

Changes to Paris Wider boulevards Sewage system Slums destroyed Public parks

Champs Elysees, 19 th Century

Widened Boulevards

Sewers

Paris Opera House

Arc de Triomphe

The Paris Metro, 1900

The London Underground, 1860s

Working Class Improvements Unions become legal in the 1870s More “Factory Acts” Pensions and Disability Insurance Increased Standard of Living