Abraham Maslow The Hierarchy of Needs Psychology 2314 Dr. McGinty

ABRAHAM MASLOW Theory of Human Motivation INTRODUCTION: The basis of Maslow's theory is that human beings are motivated by unsatisfied needs, and that certain lower needs need to be satisfied before higher needs can be satisfied. According to Maslow, there are general types of needs (physiological, safety, love, and esteem) that must be satisfied before a person can act unselfishly. He called these needs "deficiency needs." As long as we are motivated to satisfy these cravings, we are moving towards growth, toward self-actualization. Satisfying needs is healthy, while preventing gratification makes us sick or act evilly.

Theory of Human Motivation The human motivation listed by Maslow in the following order: 1.Self-Actualization 2.Esteem Needs 3.Social Needs 4.Safety Needs 5.Physiological Needs

Hierarchy of Needs growth emotional physical

Hierarchy of Needs Physiological Needs

food water air sleep

Safety Needs Once physiological needs are met, one's attention turns to safety and security in order to be free from the threat of physical and emotional harm. Such needs might be fulfilled by: –Living in a safe area –Medical insurance –Job security –Financial reserves

Physiological Needs Hierarchy of Needs Safety Needs

from physical attack from emotional attack from fatal disease from invasion from extreme losses (job, family members, home, friends)

Social Needs Once a person has met the lower level physiological and safety needs, higher level needs awaken. The first level of higher level needs are social needs. Social needs are those related to interaction with others and may include: –Friendship –Belonging to a group –Giving and receiving love

Physiological Needs Love & Belonging Needs Safety Needs Hierarchy of Needs

Love and Belonging (social/emotional) Inclusion - part of a group: colleagues, peers, family, clubs Affection - love and be loved Control - influence over others and self

Esteem Needs Once a person feels a sense of "belonging", the need to feel important arises. Esteem needs may be classified as internal or external. Internal esteem needs are those related to self- esteem such as self respect and achievement.

Esteem Needs Love & Belonging Needs Physiological Needs Safety Needs Hierarchy of Needs

Esteem Needs emotional (ego) respect from others through: awards honors status respect for self through: mastery achievement competence

Self-Actualization Self-actualization is the summit of Maslow's hierarchy of needs. It is the quest of reaching one's full potential as a person. Self-actualized people tend to have needs such as: –Truth –Justice –Wisdom –Meaning

Love & Belonging Needs Physiological Needs Safety Needs Esteem Needs Self-Actualization Needs Hierarchy of Needs D- Needs Deficit Survival B- Needs (being) Higher needs

Self-Actualization Needs stop cruelty and exploitation encourage talent in others try to be a good human being do work one considers worthwhile enjoy taking on responsibilities prefer intrinsic satisfaction seek truth give unselfish love be just

Some Self-Actualizing People from History Abraham Lincoln Thomas Jefferson Mahatma Gandhi Albert Einstein Eleanor Roosevelt